作者：陆国强,陆继东
出版社：复旦大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
英语精选句型荟萃试读：
前言
本书原名为《英语句型精华》，于1997年在香港出版，得到行家的好评，深受读者的欢迎。英语学习者纷纷来函要求扩容，增加篇幅。现根据大学英语/专业英语教材中出现的句型，增收了50个句型，加上原有的200个句型，现161组中共收句型250个。
作者根据多年来的教学经验和科研成果，针对中国人学习英语的特点，撰写本书，其宗旨是为写作和翻译提供丰富多彩的表达方式并使英语学习者的汉语思维模式转换成英语思维模式，即用英语思维并处理语言信息。期盼本书成为英语学习者必备的案头参考书并具有收藏价值。
为了满足不同层次读者的需要，我们先用电脑对各种句型作统计分析，然后进行筛选，再按复现率和难易程度，分为初阶、中阶和高阶三种类型，前两种称为普及型，后一种定名为提高型。
本书在内容选择、编排方式和处理方法上与一般语法书或句型集不同，具有自己的特色。
一、句型编选，别具一格
编者以语义结构为指导，把句型看作是一种篇章结构（textual structure），着眼于语义的衔接和连贯（cohesion and coherence），从全局性指称意义（global reference）来选择句型。根据这个原则，除了常规句型之外，本书编选了一系列特殊句型，这一类结构在语义和用法上均有独特之处。例如：
He is[went]on record as having opposed this law.
他公开[正式]地表示反对这项法令。
句中黑体部分结构特殊，其语义只有从整体性来考虑才能断定。
The optimist is an outcast， a madman. So， for that matter， is the visi-tor from Britain who finds New York the most exciting city in the world.
这位乐观主义者是个社会弃儿，是个疯子，那位从英国来的游客也好不了多少，他认为纽约是世界上最令人兴奋的城市。
句中for that matter按词典释义作“就此而言；而且”解；显然，用这两种释义来套译这一段话语就行不通，只有从篇章结构的角度来进行语义分析，才能确切地理解for that matter的含义。实际上，这一短语仅表示语气递进无显性意义（explicit meaning）而只有隐性含义（implicit meaning），意指“也”。
You get anywhere with legal aid only by playing the system for all it is worth.
求助于法律，事情就好办，只要你尽量多与现存体制打交道。
句中for all it is worth按词典的释义是“不论真伪；不论好坏”。但从整句来看，此句型有其深层含义，即“尽量多接触”。
上述特殊句型一般语法书和句型集（如《英语900句》、《英语句型和惯用法》）均未收录。
二、句型编排，精心设计
有比较，才有鉴别。本书通过形式或语义对比组合句型，将相关的结构列在一起进行比较分析。现代英语中有的句型形式相似而意义不同，例如：
Poor as he was， he was above selling his honour at any price.
他虽然穷，但无论如何也不出卖自己的荣誉。
Unaccustomed as I am to public speaking， I beg your indulgence for my few inelegant words.
由于我不习惯于发表演说，有些话讲得不得体敬请包涵。
以上两个例句中Poor as he was和Unaccustomed as I am to public speaking结构形式相同，而在语义上形成反差，前者系让步分句，后者为原因分句。
与上述句型相反，有的句型形式不同，而意义相近，例如：
He had hardly[scarcely]closed his eyes before[when]the tele-phone rang.
He had no sooner closed his eyes than the telephone rang.
As soon as he closed his eyes， the telephone rang.
上述三个例证结构形式不同，但表达了同一概念。
此外，我们采用联想对比法，由一种结构联想到另一种结构，特别是反义结构，例如：
There's something in what he says.
There's nothing in the rumours that she was pregnant.
I like him all the better for his criticism.
She does not love me the less for my faults.
为了使读者掌握灵活多变的句型，将具有共性特征的结构汇合在一起，这一类句子语义互不相干而在形式上有一定的共性，例如：
Surprisingly， this tendency has declined in recent years.
She is highly skilled at her work；and， more important， she is happy in it.
The novel was allegedly written by a computer.
Glad of having her company， John welcomed Mary. Full of apologies， the manager approached us.
He came out of the prison a changed man.
They returned， hungry and exhausted.
三、语义分析，针对性强
在对句型进行语义分析时，我们首先考虑到中国人学习英语句型的难点，然后针对理解上的问题点出要害，进行语义对比研究。一般的读者在处理话语（discourse processing）时往往采用一词一义对应法（word-for-word correspondence），而忽视词语在篇章结构中体现的义值（semantic value）。例如，看到when和before，立刻联想到汉语“当……时”和“在……之前”，而不注意这两个词在一定的语境中会产生特定的含义，即义值。例如：
Scarcely had I stepped out of the church when I heard a shot within.
我刚走出教堂就听到里面一声枪响。
I can't tell anything when you won't listen.
既然你不想听我就不说了。
I had gone some distance before I missed my watch.
我走了一段路才发觉丢失了手表。
It may be many years before we meet again.
也许要过好多年我们才能再见。
有的句型只要抓住其要害，说明其意义和用法，就不难掌握。例如：
He is not so much a scholar as a businessman.
他与其说是个学者，倒不如说是个商人。
The strength of knowledge consists not so much in its wide spectrum as in its wide application.
知识的力量与其说在于广博，不如说在于广泛应用。
上述两个例证中not so much...as...作“与其说（是）……不如说（是）……”解。与这种结构连用的词语必须放在对称的位置上，即not so much之后的词语和as之后的词语在词性上要保持一致。
四、例证丰富，英汉对照
编者除了从各类辞书和语法书中摘录句型之外自己收集了部分资料，例证之丰富居同类书籍之首。
句型用方形框架列出，先附上译文，然后进行分析解释，进而补充例证，在必要时再作说明（用菱形号◆标出）。凡是例句均有译文；在处理方法上注意英汉语义结构对比，行文力求通顺流畅。
限于编者的水平，若有不当之处，敬请读者批评和指正。陆国强 陆继2007年1月（一）初阶句型1（A）He had hardly[scarcely]closed his eyes before[when]the telephone rang.（B）He had no sooner closed his eyes than the tele-phone rang.（C）As soon as he closed his eyes， the telephone rang.
译文（A）（B）（C）他刚合上眼，电话铃就响了。
解释
主句中动词用过去完成式，而分[从]句中动词用一般过去式。Scarcely和hardly一般作“几乎不”解，但在例句中作“刚刚”解；此处when作为连接词含有“就”或“突然”的意思。
上述例句可转换成倒装句：
Hardly[Scarcely]had he closed his eyes when the telephone rang.
Hardly[Scarcely]had I stepped out of the church when I heard a shot within.
我刚走出教堂就听到里面一声枪响。
Hardly had I left before the trouble started.
我刚离开，麻烦事就开始了。
Scarcely had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.
我一到达就有新问题要处理。（B）No sooner...than此句型作“一……就……”解，请注意连接词为than。上述例句可转换成倒装句：
No sooner had he closed his eyes than the telephone rang.
No sooner had I closed the door than somebody started knocking on it.
我刚关上门就有人敲起门来。
No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she began to have serious doubts.
她刚同意与他结婚就开始疑虑重重。
No sooner had he left the house than the storm broke.
他刚一出门，暴风雨就来了。
No sooner was she back at home than she realized her mistake.
她刚回到家就意识到她做错[弄错]了。（C）As soon as...此句型作“一……（就……）”解，as soon as...从句可置于主句前或后。
As soon as the delegation arrived， the band began to play the national anthem.
代表团一到达，乐队就开始奏国歌。
As soon as I was out of the house， I opened the envelope and found it contained money！
我一走出屋子就拆开信封，一看里面装着钱！
He got married as soon as he left university.
他大学一毕业就结了婚。
She ran off as soon as she saw me.
她一看到我拔腿就跑。
◆as soon as为连接词，与其相应的词有directly， immediately， the moment， instantly， the instant等，例如：
I came directly I got your message.
我接到你的口信就来了。
He ran off the moment he saw me.
他一看见我就跑掉了。
She recognized me the instant[immediately]she saw me.
她一眼就认出是我。
Instantly I had done it， I knew I had made a mistake.
我一做了这事，便知道搞错了。
Tell me instantly she arrives.
她一到就告诉我。2（A）I had waited three days before he came back.（B）I had not waited long before he came back.
译文（A）我等了3天他才回来。（B）我没有等多久他就回来了。
解释
上述例句中before虽从字面上来说作“在……以前”解，但其实际含义则是“才”或“就”。
It was an hour before he appeared.
隔了一个小时他才出现。
It may be many years before we meet again.
也许要过好多年我们才能再见。
It will be some time before he realizes his mistakes.
要过一段时间他才会认识自己的错误。
A long time passed before his merits were recognized.
过了很长一段时间他的功绩才得到确认。
I had gone some distance before I missed my watch.
我走了一段路才发觉丢失了手表。
Many documents must be notarized before they become legally effec-tive.
许多文件须经公证才能在法律上生效。
It was not long before they met again.
他们不久又见面了。
It will not be long before they meet again.
他们不久就会再见面的。
I had not gone far before[when]I met an old man.
我没有走多远就遇到了一位老人。
They had not been married a month before[when]they began to quarrel.
他们结婚不到一个月就开始吵嘴了。
◆before有时可以用when替代，例如：
I hadn't been asleep long when the alarm went off.
我入睡不久闹钟就响了。3（A）Stir with a metal spoon until the sugar has dis-solved.（B）The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year.
译文（A）用金属匙搅到糖溶解。（B）交通规则要到年底才生效。
解释（A）中until作“直到……时，到……为止”解，多半用于肯定句中；（B）中until多半用于否定句中表示“直到……（才）；在……以前”。上述两点抓住了until用法之要害，在翻译时特别要注意，但也要灵活处理，在肯定句中until有时也可译成“在……之前”。
He had been working for the company until 1969.
他为公司一直工作到1969年。
Black people were denied the vote in the US until well into the 1950s.
美国黑人直到20世纪50年代晚期才获得选举权。
You can get free admission until 16.
你可以免费入场，直到16岁为止。
She was a bank clerk until the war.
战前她当过银行职员。
The ticket is valid up until the 12th of March.
这张票子可使用到3月12日。
Until 1971，he was a high-ranking official in the Central Committee of the Party.
1971年之前，他是该党中央委员会的高级官员。
We've been given until the end of next year to come up with a solution.
我们被告知明年年底以前必须拿出解决办法来。
He must have the benefit of the doubt until we are certain of his guilt.
在我们未确定他有罪之前，他应该被认为是无罪的。
Don't open it until your birthday.
到你生日那一天再把它打开。
The European Community will not lift its sanctions until that country makes political changes.
等到那个国家进行政治改革了，欧洲共同体才会解除制裁。
The secret was never told until after the old man's death.
直到那老人死了之后这秘密才被揭露出来。
◆until可用于it is...that...这种结构，也可用于倒装结构中，如：
It was not until well into the night that he came back.
他直到深夜才回来。
Not until well into the night did he come back.
It was not until 1911 that the first vitamin was identified.
直到1911年第一种维生素才被发现。
Not until 1911 was the first vitamin identified.4
Unless you pay by credit card， please pay in cash.
译文
请付现金，除非你使用信用卡。
解释
unless作“除非；若不；如果不；除非在……的时候”解，有时相当于if...not。
Unless some extra money is found， the theatre will close.
这家戏院将关闭，除非找到一些额外资助。
Milk quickly turns sour unless it's refrigerated.
牛奶不放入冰箱很快会变酸。
He'll die unless the doctors operate immediately.
如果医生不立刻动手术他就会死。
Unless he's a complete idiot， he'll understand.
他会理解的，除非他是个十足的笨蛋。
We'll go there next Saturday unless it's raining of course.
我们下星期到那里去，当然下雨就不去了。
Unless he comes soon[If he doesn't come soon]，I'm going without him.
如果他来得晚了，我就自己走了。
You'll fail in French unless you work harder[if you don't work hard].
要是你再不下功夫，法语就考不及格了。5（A）I will come only if nothing is said to the press.（B）These snakes only attack if they feel frightened or threatened.
译文（A）除非你不向报界说什么，否则我不会来的。（B）这些蛇只会在受惊或受威胁时才会咬人。
解释（A）和（B）中only if和only...if均作“决不……除非……；只有……才……”解；only if既可并列在一起，又可分开，请注意词序的变化。有时也会出现if only...这种结构，作“要是……；只要……”解。
A student is allowed to enter this room only if a teacher has given per-mission.
只有得到教师的许可学生才可以进这房间。
Seat belts are effective only if they are correctly adjusted.
坐椅安全带只有调节好才能起作用。
Only if the red lights come on is there any danger to employees.
只有红灯亮了，才表示对职工有危险。
We can only reach agreement if we both put our cards on the table.
我们双方只有开诚布公来谈才能达成协议。
Packaging is only effective if it is tamper-evident.
只有防拆封[撕扯]的包装才是有效的。
Yes， I'll iron your shirt for you， but only if you make me a cup of coffee.
好的，我来为你熨烫衬衫，但条件是你给我煮一杯咖啡。
If only somebody had told us， we could have warned you.
要是当初有人告诉我们，我们就能警告你了。
You can get it done in time if only you put your back into it.
只要你全力以赴，就能如期完成任务。6（A）Only when all attempts at negotiation had failed， did the men decide to go on strike.（B）Not until all attempts at negotiation had failed， did the men decide to go on strike.
译文（A）（B）进行谈判的一切努力失败之后，这些人才决定罢工。
解释
上述两个句型意义相同（待……之时，才……），而用词则不同，但均是倒装结构。请注意当only或not置于分句或短语之前时，主句中结构需要变动，即将助动词放在名词之前，然后再跟动词。
Only with the full agreement of everyone can we hope to succeed.
只有大家意见完全取得一致，我们才有可能会成功。
Only in northwest Scotland have I seen such scenery as that.
只有在苏格兰西北部我才能看到那样的景色。
Only when a lion is hungry will it attack a human being.
狮子只有在饥饿的时候才袭击人。
Not until you told me， had I heard anything of what happened.
在你告诉我之后，我才知道发生了什么事。
Not until you promise to help me will I go away.
在你答应帮助我之前我是不会走的。
Not until well into the night did I stop working.
我一直工作到深夜才休息。7（A）You shall want for nothing as long as I live.（B）Any book will do， so long as it is interesting.
译文（A）只要我活着，你什么也不会缺。（B）只要有趣，任何书都行。
解释
as long as=so long as作“只要；如果”解，有时指“唯有……（才能满足）”。
You can go out to play so long as you stay in the backyard.
只要不走出后园，你就可以出去玩。
The minister said he would still support them， as long as they didn't break the rules.
这位部长说，只要他们遵守规则，他仍然会支持他们的。
The president need not step down so long as the elections are held un-der international supervision.
总统不必下台，条件是选举要在国际监督之下进行。
Detergents cannot harm a fabric， so long as it has been properly dis-solved.
只要充分溶解，洗涤剂不会损害织物。
“I've got something for you that will make you better.”—“As long as it's not another medicine.”“我给你弄来一种东西，它会使你觉得好一些。”——“但愿不是另一种药物。”8（A）He is not so much a scholar as a businessman.（B）The strength of knowledge consists not so much in its wide spectrum as in its wide application.
译文（A）他与其说是个学者，倒不如说是个商人。（B）知识的力量与其说在于广博，不如说在于广泛应用。
解释
not so much...as...作“与其说（是）……不如说（是）……”解。与这种结构连用的词语必须放在对称的位置上，即not so much之后的词语和as之后的词语在词性上要保持一致。
It is not so much advice as approval that we seek.
我们与其说征求意见，倒不如说想得到赞赏。
The funding you have provided is not so much a material incentive as a moral support.
您提供的资金与其说是一种物质刺激，倒不如说是一种道义上的支持。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
海洋与其说分割不如说连接了整个世界。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning.
学校教育的巨大作用与其说是教你学点东西，倒不如说教你掌握学习的艺术。
The difference between the two boys lies not so much in talent as in en-ergy.
这两个男孩与其说在才能方面有高低之分，不如说在精力方面有差异。
He is not so much poor as careless with money.
他与其说没有钱花，倒不如说用钱不当。
◆He is not so much a scholar as a businessman.可转换成如下的句型：
He is more a businessman than a scholar. He is less a scholar than a businessman.He is a businessman rather than a scholar.9（A）I don't know him；indeed I have not so much as heard his name.（B）He left the room without so much as saying a goodbye to me.
译文（A）我们不认识他；其实连他的名字也没有听到过。（B）他甚至连“再会”也不对我说一声就走出房间。
解释
not so much as作“甚至不”解，相当于not even，请注意与not so much...as...的区别。
He cannot so much as spell a word like this.
他连这样一个词也不会拼写。
She cannot so much as read her own name.
她连自己的名字也读不出来。
John passed right by my front door without so much as dropping in on me.
约翰就在我家门前经过而却不进来看看我。10（A）Poor as he was， he was above selling his honor at any price.（B）Fool as he is， he can see through the trick.（C）Little as I like the invitation， I cannot but accept it.（D）Try as you will， you can't solve the problem.
译文（A）他虽然穷，但无论如何也不出卖自己的荣誉。（B）他虽然笨，但这个诡计他是能识破的。（C）他虽然不喜欢这个邀请但无法谢绝。（D）不管你怎么努力，你也无法解决这个问题。
解释（A）中Poor为形容词置于as之前，as相当于though，这是一种特殊类型的让步分句。
Improbable as it seems， it is true.
这事虽然似乎不可信但却是真实的。
Intelligent as you are， I suspect you will fail.
尽管你很聪明，我认为你不一定会成功。
Unlikely as it sounds， what I'm telling you is true.
我告诉你的事虽然听起来未必可能，但却是事实。
◆句中as也可用though替代。
Beautiful though the necklace was， we thought it was overpriced so we didn't buy it.
那串项链固然漂亮，但价格定得过高，我们没有买。
Miraculous though their survival seemed， it was nothing compared to what lay ahead.
他们幸免于死确实是个奇迹，但跟以后发生的事相比算不了什么[不足为奇了]。（B）中Fool为名词，前面不加冠词，位于as之前，这也是一种让步分句。
Child as he is， he knows a lot about mathematics.
他虽然是个孩子，对数学却懂得不少。
Woman as she is， she may be of help in time of need.
她虽然是个女子，但在需要的时候也是能起作用的。
Hero as he was， he could not stay invincible.
他虽然是个英雄，但不可能成为常胜将军。
◆在某种场合下，这种结构中的as表示因为或由于，相当于since，例如：
John， fool as[that]he was， completely ruined the dinner.（=Since he was a fool， he completely ruined the dinner.）
他是个十足的傻瓜，把整个宴会都给毁了。（C）中Little为副词，置于as之前，是让步分句的另一种表达方式。
Much as I'd like to， I can't come.
虽然我想来，但是我不能来。
Little as I like your criticism， I don't think it is unfair.
我虽然不喜欢你的批评，但我认为你批评得也是有道理的。（D）中Try为动词，置于as之前，这是一种常用的让步分句。
Try as he might， he could not achieve satisfactory results.
不管怎么努力，他不可能得到满意的结果。
Object as you may， we'll go ahead with our plan.
尽管你反对，我们还将继续执行我们的计划。
Change your mind as you will， I won't change mine.
你可以改变主意而我却不会。11（A）Used， as they are， to all sorts of dangers， they are not to be daunted by anything.（B）Living， as I do， so remote from towns， I rarely have visitors.
译文（A）他们对各种各样的危险都已习惯，因此无所畏惧。（B）我住在远离城镇的地区，难得有客人来访。
解释
在结构上与Poor as he was等句型有相似之处，但表示原因句子的含义视上下文而定。
Written， as it is， in an easy style， the book is adapted for beginners.
这本书编得通俗易懂，适合于初学者阅读。
Governed as we are entirely by public opinion， the utmost care should be taken to preserve the purity of the public mind.
由于我们完全受舆论制约，因此千万要谨慎小心，设法维护公众心灵的纯洁性。
Unaccustomed as I am to public speaking， I beg your indulgence for my few inelegant words.
由于我不习惯于发表演说，有些话讲得不得体敬请谅悉。（B）中living， as I do...这种结构不会产生歧义，多半表示原因，注意as I do用作插入语，为了加强语气。
Living， as he does， so much among foreigners， he ought to be at home in English.
他与外国人一起生活了很长一段时间，英语应该掌握得很熟练了。
Working as he did rather for the love of his art than for the acquirement of wealth， he refused to write anything that was in bad taste.
他是为了热爱艺术而不是为了谋求钱财创作，因此他拒绝写任何庸俗不堪的东西。12（A）This watch is as expensive as that one.（B）John writes as neatly as Mary.（C）I haven't got so much money as I thought.（D）Try to get as many opinions as you can.
译文（A）这只表和那只表一样昂贵。（B）约翰写得与玛丽一样整齐。（C）我没有得到原先想的那么多钱。（D）尽量多征求一些意见。
解释
使用这一类表示比较的结构，特别要注意词语之间在词性上的一致性及其搭配关系，如（A）中expensive修饰名词watch；（B）中neatly修饰动词write；（C）中much修饰不可数名词money；（D）中many修饰可数名词opinions；在否定句中as...as可改为not so[as]...as。
Your house is as large as mine.
你的屋子和我的一样大。
It is just as cold today as it was yesterday.
今天和昨天一样冷。
The movie is a mess， as sloppy in concept as in execution.
这部电影拍得乱七八糟，构思和摄制都很草率。
The melting point of copper is not so[as]high as that of iron.
铜的熔点不如铁的熔点高。
Bell invented other things besides the telephone， but none of them were as important to mankind as the telephone.
除了电话，贝尔还发明了其他东西，可是对人类来说最重要的是电话。
Usually an adult doesn't pick up a new language as quickly as a child does.
一般来说，成人学会一种新语言不如儿童那么快。
There's nothing so embarrassing as when things go wrong.
没有什么比事情弄糟更使人难堪的了。
He was not so quick a learner as his brother.
他不如弟弟学得快。
She doesn't practise playing the piano as[so]often as she used to.
她练习弹钢琴不像过去那么勤。
George has made as much progress in English as his brother.
乔治的英语水平提高得和他兄弟一样快。
He didn't raise so many questions as I did.
他问题提得没有像我那么多。
The articulated bus carries as many passengers as three separate bu-ses.
铰接式公共汽车的载容量相当于三辆单节公共汽车。
◆如果在上述结构中增添一些词语，如twice， three times， half， nearly等，特别要注意词序。
He earns twice as much money as I do.
他挣的钱比我多一倍。
The speed of sound in water is about four times as great as（it is）in air.
声音的速度在水中比在空气中快三倍。
Women employees are still being discriminated against by male offi-cials， and they still have to fight twice as hard as men do to get fair treatment.
女雇员仍然在遭受男性高级职员的歧视，她们必须以两倍于男人的精力去争取平等待遇。
He didn't sell half as[so]many videos as he thought he would.
他售出的录像带还不到他预想的一半。
You're not half as clever as you think you are.
你的聪明程度还不到你设想的一半。
It's not nearly as cold as yesterday.
今天还不如昨天那么冷。
Jack is as quick a worker as John is.
杰克跟约翰一样是个干活利落的人。
The computer is as important an invention as the telephone.
电脑和电话一样是重大的发明。
The U. S.is not alone in underground economy.In Europe， evading ta-xes is as ingrained a custom as drinking wine with a meal.
地下经济活动不只限于美国才有。在欧洲，偷税逃税如同进餐时喝酒一样成了一种根深蒂固的习惯。13（A）His new book is more interesting than his earlier ones.（B）Some people think much more about their rights than（they do）about their duties.（C）The new edition is less expensive than the old one.（D）He visits us less frequently than he used to.
译文（A）他的新著比他的早期作品更有趣。（B）有些人考虑权利多于考虑义务。（C）新版不如旧版昂贵。（D）他不像过去那样常来看我们。
解释
上述四种结构均可改用not so[as]...as转换成下例句型：（A）His earlier books are not so interesting as his new book.（B）Some people do not think so much about their duties as about their rights.（C）The new edition is not so expensive as the old one.（D）He doesn't visit us so frequently as he used to.
现再提供一些比上述结构较为复杂的句型。
My father is better today than（he was）when I wrote to you last week.
我的父亲比我上星期写信给你时身体好些。
Nobody did more for education in this country than（did）the late Mr. Green.
没有人比已故的格林先生为这个国家的教育事业作出的贡献更大。
There is nothing I want more than that you should be happy and con-tented.
我唯一的希望是你能感到快乐和满足[我所希望得到的莫过于你能快乐和满足]。
It is more important that the explanation should be clear than that it should cover every possible exception.
解释清楚比罗列各种可能的例外更为重要。
He obtained his position more by favor than by merit or ability.
他因得宠而获此地位，并非有什么本事或一技之长。
So far heat pollution has been more a threat than a fact.
迄今为止，热污染虽未成为事实，却是一大潜在的威胁。
The wheat yields 15 to 35 per cent more grain than other varieties with similar climate and soil requirements.
在类似的气候和土壤条件下，这种小麦比其他品种增产百分之十五到百分之三十五。
He's got more money than taste.
他有钱但无修养。14（A）He is as brave as any man alive.（B）He is as brave a man as ever breathed.（C）He is the bravest man that ever lived.
译文（A）（B）（C）他是世界上最勇敢的人。
解释
上述不同结构均表示同一概念，其特征是句中含有any， ever以及alive， lived， breathed等词；形容词比较结构as...as在这里表示最高级，即作“最……”解。
He is as happy as any（man）in the world.
他是世界上最快乐的人。
She was as fine a ship as ever cruised the oceans.
这是海洋中航行的最好的一艘船。
Work as hard as ever you can！
尽你最大努力工作！
This is the best work that you've ever done.
这是你所做的最好工作。
It was the most awful film ever.（=the most awful film that had ever been shown）
这是最糟糕的影片。
They're the sweetest kids ever（=the sweetest kids that I have ever seen）.
他们是最讨人喜欢的孩子。
The dog was as courageous an animal as ever scoured the woods.
这是穿越森林中一条最勇敢的狗。
He claimed to be the most perfect human creature that ever trod this earth.
他声称自己是人间最完美无缺的人。
◆请注意as...as ever lived与as...as ever在意义上有区别；后者表示“与以前一样……”，如：
He is as poor as ever.
他跟以前一样贫穷。
She is as diligent as ever.
她跟以前一样勤奋。15（A）The more learned a man is， the more modest he usually is.（B）The later you arrive， the better the food is.
译文（A）一个人越有学问往往越谦虚。（B）来得越晚，吃的东西越好。
解释
the+比较级形容词或副词……the+比较级形容词或副词……这种结构的特征是主语和动词置于其后，不容调换。
The longer we stayed there， the more we liked the place.
我们住在那边越久，就越喜欢那个地方。
The more he flatters， the less I like him.
他越逢迎，我越不喜欢他。
The sooner you start， the sooner you'll finish.
你越早开始就可以越早结束。
The less you worry about it， the better it will be.
你越少为这件事担心，事情就会办得越好。
The more he read， the less he understood.
他越读越不懂。
The less said， the better.
少说为佳。
The more one has， the more one wants.
越有越贪。
The less we fancy ourselves ill or bother about little bodily discomforts， the more likely perhaps we are to preserve our health.
心中为生病或稍有不适担忧得越少，或许越有可能保持身体健康。
◆在上述结构中若出现及物动词后跟宾语，宾语必须置于比较级形容词之后，如：
The faster you type， the more mistakes you make.
你打字打得越快，出错越多。
The more you tell him， the less notice he takes.
你给他讲得越多，他越少关注。
The more sleep we get， if it be sound， dreamless slumber， the better we can work on waking.
如果睡得多又好且不做梦，醒来时工作效率就提高。
The longer the hangtime， the greater the opportunity for the defensive team to tackle the receiver is.
悬空球在空中停留时间越长，防守一方挡住对方接球员的可能性越大。
The more people there are， the more chance there is for a screw-up.人越多，把事情搞糟的可能性越大。
The more of the hull that is in the water， the greater is the drag.
船体吃水越深，阻力也就越大。16（A）It is too cold to go in the sea yet.（B）I am only too delighted to accept your kind invita-tion.
译文（A）天太冷还不能下海。（B）我很高兴接受你盛情的邀请。
解释（A）中too...to...作“太……以致不能……”解，请注意翻译时要作灵活处理以确保译文通顺，如：
A free trip to Paris—that's too good an opportunity to miss.
免费去巴黎旅行——不能错过这样一个好机会。
He was too nervous to reply.
他紧张得答不上来。
I'm too tired to stay up longer.
我实在太累，不能再熬夜下去了。
The match was almost too exciting to watch.
这场比赛几乎叫人紧张得看不下去了。
He's too clever a politician to say a thing like that in public.
他是个很精明的政客，在公开场合才不会说这种话呢！
He is too headstrong to reason with.
他固执得难以理喻。（B）中only too作“极，非常”解，后接to+不定词，不含有否定的意味，与（A）中的句型意义正相反。除了only too，还有all too等结构，均无否定意义。
He is too ready to speak.（=He is too talkative.）
他喜欢多嘴。
He is too much inclined to give himself airs.
他老是喜欢摆架子。
I'll be but[only]too happy to help you.
我很乐意帮助你。
John was only too ready to agree with her.
约翰完全同意她的看法。17（A）Credit has been arranged so as to spread the pay-ments over a 10-month period.（B）These politicians made promises simply in order to win more votes.
译文（A）贷款安排在10个月内分期付款。（B）这些政客许下不少诺言只是为了拉票。
解释（A）中so as to和（B）中in order to作“以便；为了”解，均表示目的，有时可相互通用。
He stood up so as to see better.
他站起来以便看得更清楚些。
He works hard in order to[so as to]give his family a holiday by sea ev-ery year.
他为了使他一家每年能到海滨度假而努力工作。
I arrived early so as not to miss anything.
我到得很早以免错过什么。
They must have worn gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints.
为了不留下指纹，他们一定戴上了手套。
In order to appreciate poetry， you should read it aloud.
要欣赏诗歌，就得大声朗读。
They zigzagged across the field so as to provide a difficult target.
他们呈之字形穿过田野以免易于被当作目标射击。
They left on tiptoe so as not[in order not]to be heard.
他们踮着脚走开以免惊动大家。18（A）He was so fat that he couldn't get through thedoor.（B）His statement was so ambiguous as to be to tally meaningless.（C）Many contestants later failed drug tests， so that the race had to be rerun.
译文（A）他胖得进不了门。（B）他说的话如此含糊不清，以致大家不知所云。（C）许多赛跑运动员后来药检都没有通过，以至于不得不重新举行比赛。
解释（A）中so...that作“如此……以致”解，表示结果，在翻译时，不必拘泥于上述释义的措辞，可作灵活处理，如It was so hot that I couldn’t sleep.既可译成“天气那么热，我睡不着”，也可译成“天气热得我睡不着了”。
His reactions are so quick（that）no one can match him.[He reacts so quickly that no one can match him.
他反应如此敏捷，其他人无法与他相比。
There was so much to lose（that）we couldn't take any risks.
损失这么惨重，我们可不能冒任何风险了。
We arrived so early that we got the best seats.
我们来得早，所以找到最好的座位。
He was so marvellous a joker that you can't help laughing.
他真是个说笑话的高手，逗得你不能不笑。
He has behaved so badly that he must be punished.
他行为不检，该受惩罚。
The writer was so absorbed in her work that she did not hear her visitor enter the room.
作家专心致志地写作，连拜访者进屋的声音也没听见。
◆请注意在口语中that可省略，此外在口语中也可把表示结果的分句置于句末，如：I couldn’t sleep， it was so hot.（B）中so...as to作“如此……以致”解，也表示结果。
I don't think he will be so weak as to yield.
我认为他不至于会脆弱到屈服的地步。
He was so fortunate as to be admitted to Harvard.
他很幸运进了哈佛大学。
You're not so foolish as to believe all you read in the newspaper， I hope.
我希望你不至于会愚蠢到完全相信报上所看到的一切事。
Would you be so good as to let me know as soon as possible?
您能费心让我尽早知道吗？（C）中so that作“所以，因此”解，表示结果，也可作“为使，以便”解，表示目的。
He worries about his financial position all day， so that he can't sleep at night.
他整天为他的财政境况忧虑，以致他晚上睡不着。
The burglar wore gloves so that there were no fingerprints to be found.
那个盗贼戴了手套，因此指纹没有被发现。
I stepped aside so that she might[could]go in.
我站开好让她进去。
We shall grow a hedge round the garden so that the neighbours may not[can't]overlook us.
我们绕着花园植起树篱以免邻居窥望。19（A）The nature of the job was such that he felt obliged to tell no one about it.（B）It's such a tiny kitchen that I don't have to do much to keep it clean.（C）His manner was such as to offend everyone who he met.
译文（A）这份工作就其性质来说如此差劲，他真不好意思跟人家说。（B）这个厨房很小，不必花多大功夫就能打扫干净。（C）他行为那么粗鲁，以至于得罪了他所有碰到的人。
解释（A）中such that作“……那么竟致；如此（……）以致”解，请注意such后直接跟that，在翻译过程中有时要加一些词语，才能表达清楚，如：
The performance was such that the audience were deeply moved.
演出那么精彩，观众深受感动。
The situation was such that political observers found it difficult to pre-dict.
形势如此微妙，政治观察家们也觉得难以预料。
The extent of the disaster was such that the local authorities were quite unable to cope with.
灾难达到如此（严重的）程度，以至于地方当局无法应付。
Previously their diet was such that they weren't getting the necessary vi-tamins.
以前他们的日常饮食结构不太理想，以至于缺乏必要的维生素。（B）中such...that与（A）中such that语义相同，但结构不同，在such和that之间插进了词语，这种句型极为普遍，有的表示程度，有的表示结果。
I slapped her hand and she got such a shock that she dropped the milk-can.
我拍了拍她的手，吓了她一大跳，手中的奶罐都掉在地上了。
He could put an idea in such a way that Mary would believe it was his own.
他可以把他的想法表述得使玛丽相信这是他自己的主意。
The weather has brought such a demand for beer that the brewery will operate over the weekend.
这种天气使啤酒供不应求，以至于啤酒制造厂将在周末期间加班开工。
He was in such a hurry that he almost pushed me over on the stairs.
他下楼梯时如此匆忙，差点把我撞倒。
Jim had such a high opinion of his own abilities that he hardly blinked at winning first prize.
吉姆自视颇高，甚至认为赢得头奖不在话下。（C）中such as to在语义上与such that或such...that相同，意指“到如此程度以致”，但结构不同，such后可直接跟as to，也可以在such和as to中间插进一些词语。
His persuasion was such as to make us all believe him.
他说话很有说服力，以致我们大家都相信他。
The brilliance of his satires is such as to make even his victims laugh.
他的讽刺实在高明，甚至受害者[讽刺的对象]也失声大笑。
His illness was not such as to cause anxiety.
他的病并不重，不必担心。
You could put the idea in such a way as to make her accept it.
你可以把你的想法说得使她能接受。
The system can be allowed to operate in such a way as to meet three fundamental objectives.
你可以这样操作该系统，使之达到三种基本目标。20（A）He used to smoke fifty cigarettes a day.（B）Dare you climb that tree？（C）I didn't need to go to the office yesterday.
译文（A）他过去一天要抽50支烟。（B）你敢爬那棵树吗？（C）我昨天不必去办公室。
解释（A）中used to do sth.作“过去经常做什么事”解，used to为情态动词，仅用于简单过去式，如：
I used to be a waiter， but now I'm a taxi driver.
我过去是个侍者，但现在是出租车司机。
I used to have a beard， but I've shaved it off.
我留过胡子，但我已把它剃掉了。
used to用于疑问句和否定句中一般来说不该用助动词do，但在口语中用得较多，例如：
Used he to live in Manchester？
他过去住在曼彻斯特吗？
Did he use to live in Manchester？
You usedn't[used not]to smoke.
你过去是不吸烟的。
You didn't use to smoke.
现将used to的表达形式归纳如下：
He used to live in London.
Used he to live in London？
Did he use to live in London？
He usedn't[used not]to live in London.
He didn't use to live in London.
He used to live in London， didn't he？
Yes， he did[Yes， he used to].
No， he didn't[No， I didn't use to或No， I usedn’t to].
He used to live in London and so did I.
◆used to可用would替代，但必须指出过去某个特定时间，表示常的活动，用于叙事和回忆中。
I would（always）collect stamps when I was a child.（=I（always）used to...）
我小的时候总是集邮。
When I worked on a farm， I would get up at 5 a. m.
我在农场工作时总是早上5点钟起床。
When we were small we used to spend our holidays on a farm. We would get up at 5 and help milk the cows.Then we would return to the farm kitchen， where we would eat a huge breakfast.
我们小的时候经常在农场度假。我们总是5点钟起床，帮助挤牛奶。然后我们回到农场的厨房，饱食一顿早餐。（B）dare作“敢”解，既可作为情态动词，也可用作完全动词，请注意以下结构形式：
现在情态动词 过去情态动词
dare/daren't/don't dare+go dared/dared not/didn’t dare+go
完全动词
完全动词
dare/don't dare+to go
dared/didn't dare+to go
Dare you do it？—I daren't do it.
你敢做这件事吗？——我不敢。
I hardly dare tell him what happened.
我简直不敢告诉他发生了什么事。
Do you dare tell him？—I don't dare tell him.
你敢告诉他吗？——我不敢告诉他。
Did you dare tell him？—I didn't dare tell him.
你当时敢告诉他吗？——我当时不敢告诉他。
Do you dare to tell him？—I don't dare to tell him.
你敢告诉他吗？——我不敢告诉他。
◆dare not和dared not都可以指过去，但后者比较正式：
Mother dare（d）not tell father she'd given away his old jacket.
母亲不敢告诉父亲她已把他的旧上衣送给别人了。（C）中need同dare一样，既可作为情态动词也可作完全动词用。完全动词的用法如下：
I need to/I needed to go to the dentist this morning.
今天上午我需要去看牙医。
I don't need to/I didn't need to go to the dentist.
我不必/当时不必去看牙医。
When will you next need to go to the dentist？
你下一次什么时候要去看牙医？
Why did you need to go to the dentist？
你当时为什么要去看牙医？
情态动词的用法如下：
Need you leave so soon？
你有必要这么早走吗？
Need I type this letter again？—Yes， you must/No， you needn't.
这封信需要我再打一遍吗？——是的，你必须再打一遍。/不，你不必了。
You needn't work such long hours.
你不必工作那么长时间。
She need never know what you have just told me.
她根本不必知道你刚才告诉我的话。
I need hardly tell you how badly I feel about her departure.
简直不用对你说，我对她的离去感到多么难过。
Need you have told him about my plans？
你有必要把我的计划都告诉了他吗？
You needn't have told him about my plans.
你本来不必把我的计划告诉他。21（A）It's no good complaining.（B）I must insist on him[his]paying.（C）He denied taking the pen.
译文（A）埋怨是没用的。（B）我坚持一定要他付钱。（C）他否认拿了那支笔。
解释（A）中it为引导词[先行代词]，主语为动名词或动名词短语，这种句型可转换成It is no good to complain.
It's so nice sitting here with you.（=It's so nice to sit here with you.）
与你一起坐在这里真是愉快。
It's difficult finding your way around in a strange city.（=It's difficult to find...）
在一个陌生城市里找路很困难。
It's wonderful lying on the beach all day.
整天在海滩上躺着真是妙不可言。
It's not worthwhile losing your temper.
你发脾气是不值得的。
It's a tedious business attending so many meetings.
参加那么多会议真令人厌烦。
It's strange his[him]behaving like that.
真奇怪，他的举止行动竟然会那样。
It's a catastrophe their[them]shutting all those factories.
他们关闭所有那些工厂，这是一大灾难。
◆在上述结构中用his或their比用him或them更为普遍。（B）中him和his在一般情况下可通用，请注意这种结构多半用于正式文体中。
I'm surprised at your[you]not having noticed.
我对你没有注意到而感到惊讶。
My main interest at present is in him[his]doing well at school.
目前我最关心的是他在学校要好好学习。
I can't imagine my mother[my mother's]approving.
我想象不出母亲会同意。
◆请注意在下列句子中一般不用所有格形式（the genitive form），即不用his、their或my mother’s等：
I don't like strangers interfering in my affairs.
我不喜欢陌生人干涉我的事。
I am surprised at someone so rich having difficulty in paying what he owes you.
我感到奇怪，这样有钱的人欠了你的钱竟然还债有困难。
A shortage of steel would involve men being dismissed.
工人因钢匮乏将被解雇。（C）中deny后面必须跟动名词，类似这种词有advise， avoid， con-sider， delay， detest， enjoy， escape， mind， risk， suggest， practise， postpone等。
He avoided driving in the centre of town.
他避开市中心驾车。
I couldn't risk missing the train.
我可不能冒赶不上这班火车的危险。
He enjoys listening to music.
他喜欢听音乐。
Imagine not knowing the answer to such an easy question.
真想不到这样简单的问题竟然回答不出。
He resents having been accused.
他怨恨受到了谴责。
They suggested[recommended]taking proper measures to prevent the strike.
他们建议采取适当措施阻止罢工。22（A）One cannot but admire him.（B）We couldn't help but admire her courage.（C）I can't help feeling that it was a mistake to let himgo.
译文（A）大家不能不钦佩他。（B）我们不能不赞赏她的勇气。（C）我不免感到让他走是一大错误。
解释（A）cannot but作“不得不；只能”解，后跟原型动词。（B）cannot help but与cannot but相同，只是在but之前用了help。（C）can’t help doing作“免不了……；忍不住……；不禁……”解，其中help意指“避免；阻止”，相当于英语avoid。
He could not but give in.
他不得不认输。
I could not but admit that I was wrong.
我不得不承认我错了。
As it is raining， we can not but cancel the match.
天下雨了，我们不得不取消比赛。
The pistol， no larger than the palm of my hand， was positioned where I couldn't help but see it.
这支手枪像我的手掌一样大小，其放置的地方太显眼，我不能不看到。
I couldn't help but notice the bruise she had under her eye.
我怎么也不会不看到她眼下的那个伤痕。
I can't help but think that is very important.
我不能不认为那是件重要的事。
We can't help thinking he's still alive.
我们总是认为他还活着。
I couldn't help hearing what you just said.
你刚才讲的话我不能不听到。
He looked so funny that I could not help laughing.
他看上去那么滑稽，我忍不住大笑起来。23（A）The guide-book is not only interesting but also in-structive.（B）He not only washed the car， but（also）polished it.（C）Not only did he hear it， but he saw it as well.（D）He not only writes his own plays， he also acts in them.
译文（A）这本指南不仅很有趣而且有教育意义。（B）他不仅洗车，而且擦车。（C）他不仅听到了，而且也看到了。（D）他不仅自编剧本，还饰演其中的角色。
解释
not only...but also作“不仅……而且……”解，其结构形式在现代英语中显得比较灵活，有时只用but不用also，也有用了also而不用but如（D），有时甚至两者都不用；请特别注意（C）句型，not only与动词连用置于句首时，结构需要倒装。
Chimps not only use tools but（also）make them.
黑猩猩不仅会使用工具而且也会自己制作。
He not only has scholarship， but also experience.
他不仅有学问，而且有经验。
Not only the grandparents were there but also the aunts， uncles and cousins.
不光是祖父母，连姑母、叔父及其子女也在那里。
Not only are you funny， but you're actually witty as well.
你不仅很有趣，而且实际上很风趣。
Not only does he speak Spanish，（but）she also knows how to type.
她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。
These movies were not only making money；they were also perceived as being original.
这些影片不仅卖座赚钱，而且被认为很有独创性。
Such work is not only devalued in that country， its nature is widely mis-understood.
这种工作在那个国家不但被贬低，而且工作性质也被许多人误解了。
◆not just， not merely， not simply等在意义和用法上与not only有相同之处，如：
It became a widespread craze， not just one confined to a few people...not merely in Afro-Asia， but in the rest of the world too.
这种狂热相当普遍，不仅仅局限于少数几个人，其范围不光涉及亚非，而且遍及全世界。24（A）You would do well to consult him on the subject.（B）You had better make some notes.
译文（A）有关这个问题你最好还是向他请教。（B）你最好做些记录。
解释（A）中do well作“明智；有好处；最好还是”解，表示提醒或警告他人。
You may do well to back out of the project.
你还是退出这个计划为妙。
You would do well to take his advice.
你听他的话对你有好处。
We might do well to take a lesson from the incident.
我们还是从那件事中吸取教训为好。
You would do well to remember who is paying the bill.
你最好记住是谁付的账。
They would do well to concentrate more on their work.
他们最好更集中精力工作。
You did well to sell when the price was high.
你在价格提高时就出售，这是明智的。（B）中had better作“应该；还是……好”解，特别要注意后跟不定词（infinitive）时不能带to；用于建议将来某一场合采取行动，带有催促、威胁、警告等意味。
We had better start at once.
我们最好马上动身。
I had better introduce myself.
我还是自我介绍一下吧。
You'd better do as the doctor says and stay in bed.
你还是遵照医生的吩咐躺在床上好。
You'd better keep you mouth shut about this.
关于这件事你别多嘴。
You'd better not go near the edge.
你最好别走近边缘。
You'd better not overtake that car！
你最好别超越那部车！
You'd better be careful you don't overdo it.
你得注意，事情别做过头。25（A）Anything， except water， is likely to block a sink.（B）This essay is good except for some careless mis-takes.（C）He is a good student except that he is occasionally careless.
译文（A）除了水以外，任何东西都有可能堵塞水槽。（B）这篇文章写得很好，只是有些疏忽造成的错误。（C）他是个好学生，只是有时粗心大意。
解释（A）中except和（B）中except for都可作“除了……”解，但ex-cept for往往用来表示“只是，但是；要不是由于”，在意思上多了一个层次。（C）中except（that）意义与except for相同，但后接句子，在用法和意义上与作为连接词的only相接近，如：
The book is likely to be useful， only it's rather expensive.
这本书可能有用，不过相当贵。
I would have gone， only that you objected.
要不是你反对，我早就去了。
We have lessons every day except Saturday and Sunday.
除了星期六和星期天之外，我们每天都有课。
All the boys except John started to giggle.
除了约翰以外，所有的男孩都咯咯地笑了起来。
The classroom was silent， except for the busy scratching of pens on pa-per.
教室里一片寂静，只听见笔在纸上疾书的嚓嚓声。
The room was very cold and， except for the cat， entirely empty.
这房间很冷，除了那只猫以外，空空荡荡的。
Achilles was invulnerable except for his heel.
除脚跟外，阿奇里斯刀枪不入。
The meal was excellent except for the first course.
这顿饭好极了，只是第一道菜稍差。
The two books are the same except（for the fact）that this one has an answer key at the back.
两本书完全一样，只是这本书后面多了一个问题答案。
I even felt like apologizing to them except that they wouldn't know what I was talking about.
我甚至想向他们表示道歉，不过我讲些什么他们不一定会懂。
He no longer went out， except when Jane forced him.
他不再外出了，除非简硬要他去。
I knew nothing about her except what I heard at second hand.
除了道听途说之外，她的情况我一点也不了解。
I understand everything except why the manager dismissed her.
我一切都明白，只是不理解经理为什么解雇她。26（A）He tends to put self-interest above everything（else）.（B）I want to be honest， honest above everything else.
译文（A）他往往把个人利益放在首位。（B）我首先要为人诚实。
解释（A）和（B）中above均作“（在价值、重要性等方面）高于；先于”解，由此可衍生出不少表达方式，如above all（else）（首先，尤其是），value honour above life（把荣誉看得比生命重要）等。
The local authority placed education above everything else.
地方当局把教育看得高于一切。
We admired Smith above all the teachers in the school.
在学校里我们最钦佩的教师是史密斯。
He was respected above all others.
他最受尊敬。
Relax， and above all don't panic.
放松，首先不要惊慌。
The pressures—political， social and， above all， economic—are grow-ing.
政治、社会，特别是经济压力正在增大。
Above all， remember to send us your comments.
最要紧的是别忘了把你的评语寄给我们。27（A）They raised prices and cut production， instead of cutting costs.（B）It is not an idea around which the committee can unite. On the contrary， I see it as one that will di-vide us.
译文（A）他们提高价格，削减生产，而不去降低成本。（B）这个主意并不能使委员会委员团结一致；相反，我认为这会使我们四分五裂。
解释（A）中instead of作“代替；而不是……”解，请注意instead of之后所跟接的词语要与前述词语相对称。
How is it that you have come instead of him?
怎么你代替他来了？
They built a reservoir half up the mountain instead of at the top.
他们不是在山顶而是在半山腰修建了一个水库。
Could we go by car instead of by train?
我们可以不乘火车而改坐汽车去吗？
On freezing water expands instead of contracts.
水在结冰时膨胀而不是收缩。
She had to spend nearly four months away from him that summer in-stead of the usual two.
那年夏天她不得不与他分开将近4个月，而平时一般只有2个月。
Try to be positive instead of going to work thinking that it will be totally boring.
要乐观些，而不要一去工作就觉得无聊透顶。
◆instead也可作为副词，单独使用作“作为替代；反而，却”解，在多数场合，用来表示第二种意思。
I can't go；she'll go instead.
我不能去，她将代替我去。
I don't like coffee. Could I have tea instead?
我不喜欢喝咖啡，可以来杯茶吗？
He felt like crying and laughed instead.
他想哭，反倒笑了。
John reached for the wine but did not drink it， instead， he pushed it across the table towards Mary.
约翰伸手去拿酒，但没有喝，却把酒从桌面上推过去给玛丽喝。（B）中on the contrary作“正相反”解，与副词instead在语义上相接近，句中on the contrary可用instead替代。
“People just don't do things like that.”—“On the contrary they do them all the time.”“人们一般不会干那种事。”——“但事实上他们一直在那样干。”
It wasn't a good thing；on the contrary it was a huge mistake.
这不是一件好事；相反，这是个大错误。
◆请注意on the contrary与to the contrary和quite the contrary之间的区别，to the contrary作“相反的”解，一般作定语用修饰名词；quite the contrary作“正相反”解，一般作表语用。
Despite repeated assurances to the contrary， the country has not ended its nuclear programme.
尽管三番五次地保证不再研制核武器，但这个国家并没有放弃其计划。
Unless there is evidence to the contrary， we ought to believe them.
我们应当相信他们，除非有人提出相反的证据。
I'm not a feminist， quite the contrary.
我不是女权运动积极分子，事实上正相反。
“Are there any signs that he may step down soon?”—“Quite the con-trary.”“是否有任何迹象表明他很快要下台了？”——“情况可能正好相反。”28（A）There is no alternative[choice]but to fire him.（B）We can do nothing but fire him.
译文（A）除了解雇他以外别无其他选择。（B）我们只好解雇他。
解释（A）中no alternative[choice]but to do sth.作“除了做某事之外别无其他选择”解，注意在but之后一般是跟带to的不定词；此处but作“除……之外”解。
There is no alternative but to give in.
只好认输，另无其他办法。
You have no choice but to ask her.
你只好问她，别无其他办法。
I'm afraid I have no alternative but to report you to the police.
恐怕我除了报警告你之外别无其他办法。（B）中do nothing but作“只好；只是；只会”解，but之后接不带to的不定词。
She did nothing but weep all day.
她整天只会哭。
He did nothing but grumble.
他只会发牢骚。
I could do nothing but wait here.
我只好等在这儿。
◆类似do nothing but的结构有do more than、do no otherwise than，如：
She does no more than cry.
她只会哭。
I can do no otherwise than laugh.
我只好笑。29（A）His friends and colleagues will be very upset， not to speak of his parents.（B）He had to go to prison for a month， to say nothing of the fine.
译文（A）他的朋友和同事都会为此难过，更不用说他父母了。（B）他得入狱一个月，更不用说罚款了。
解释（A）中not to speak of和（B）中to say nothing of基本上同义，均作“更不用说，何况”解。
This move caused consternation among universities and the govern-ment， not to speak of the students affected.
这项举措在各国大学和政府中引起了极大的惊慌，更不用说受影响的学生了。
They already take pension and social security payments off my pay， not to speak of[not to mention]state taxes.
他们早已从我的薪金中扣除了养老保障费和社会保险费，更不用说州税了。
It was a complete waste of time， to say nothing of all the stress and bother！
紧张伤神姑且不说，这完全是浪费时间！
He knows German and French， to say nothing of English.
他懂德文和法文，更不用说英文了。
He does not know English， to say nothing of German and French.
他连英文也不懂，更不用说德文和法文了。
Mass transit was regarded as outmoded， to say nothing of inconvenient.
大容量公交运输被认为已经过时，更不必说不方便了。30（A）I wonder whether she can come.（B）Whether you like it or not， you're going to face him one day.（C）I'm sure we'll see each other again soon whether here or in New York.
译文（A）我不知道她是否能来。（B）不管是否喜欢，你总有一天要面对他的。（C）不论在这儿或在纽约，我相信不久又会见面的。
解释（A）中whether作“是否”解，相当于if；但后接不定词短语时，只能用whether。
We don't know whether[if]they will be able to come.
我们不知道他们是否能来。
He asked whether[if]I had done all the work myself.
他问我这些工作是否我自己做的。
He did not know whether to cry or laugh.
他啼笑皆非。
We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow.
我们弄不清是今天走还是明天走。（B）中whether or not作“不管是否”解，用于让步分句，也可用于名词分句。
Whether or not it rains， we'll go to the cinema.
不管下不下雨，我们都要去看电影。
Whether you agree or not， we'll go ahead with our plans.
不管你同意还是不同意，我们将继续执行我们的计划。
It depends on whether he's ready or not.
那要看他准备好没有。
Tell me whether or not you are interested in the film.
请告诉我你对这部影片是否有兴趣。
◆whether or not后面也可接不定词短语，如：
We have to decide whether or not to support this proposal.
我们得决定是否要支持这个建议。（C）中whether与or连用作“是……（还是）；或者……（或者……）；不管……（还是）”解。
The question is whether to go or stay.
问题是去还是留下。
It is your decision whether you go or stay.
去留的问题由你自己决定。
Whether right or wrong， he always gets the upper hand during the de-bate.
无论是对还是错，他在辩论中总是占上风。
Her criticism was aimed at that country， whether by accident or design.
她的批评有意无意是针对那个国家的。31（A）I wish I were rich.（B）She wished she had stayed at home.（C）I wish the snow would stop.
译文（A）我真希望有钱。（B）她真希望当时在家就好了。[她懊悔当时没待在家里。]（C）要是雪停了多好。
解释
I wish或she[he]wishes均表示愿望，作“但愿”解，其用法基本上与if only相同。指现在用简单过去式；指过去用过去完成式；指将来用过去将来式。
I wish I knew what was going to happen.
但愿我能知道要发生什么事。
I wish I knew how to do it.
要是我懂得怎么做就好了。
I wish I didn't have to attend the meeting.
我要是不必去开会就好了。
I wish John were[was]here now.
要是约翰现时在这儿就好了。
I wish I had known how to do it.
我要是当初懂得怎么做就好了。
I wish you hadn't told me all this.
要是你当初没有把这一切告诉我就好了。
I wish I'd had a chance to talk to you before you left.
要是当初在你离开之前我有机会跟你谈谈该多好！
I wish I could have my own house.
我真希望有自己的房子。
We wish that the problem could be solved.
我们希望这个问题能得到解决。
He wishes that I would stay with him for the night.
他希望我能与他在一起过夜。
He wishes his wife wouldn't spend so much time gossiping with the neighbours.
他但愿他妻子不要花那么多的时间和邻居们闲谈是非。32（A）If only I could swim！（B）If he had only come earlier！（C）If you would only try harder！
译文（A）要是我会游泳就好了！（B）要是他来得早一点就好了！（C）要是你再努力些就好了！
解释（A）中if only指现在；（B）中if...only指过去；（C）中if...only指将来，三种结构均表示愿望，相当于I wish，请注意if only既可连在一起用，也可分开。动词必须用过去式，指现在用简单过去式或过去进行式；指过去用过去完成式；指将来用过去将来式。be一般用were，但在口语中也可用was，例如：
If only john were[was]here now！
要是约翰现时在这儿多好！
If only the sun were[was]shining at this moment！
要是此刻阳光灿烂多好。
If only I knew the answer to your question！
要是知道你的问题的答案多好！
If only the rain would stop！
要是雨会停止多好！
If only I didn't have to go.
我要是不必去就好了！（=I'm sorry I have to go.可惜我不得不去。）If only I didn’t have to work for a living.
要是不必为谋生而工作就好了！
If only I had been here yesterday.
要是我昨天在这儿就好了！
If only I had known how to do it！
我要是当初懂得怎么做就好了！
If only you had let me know earlier.
要是你早点让我知道就好了！
If only I had gone by taxi！
要是我乘出租车去就好了！
If only he had remembered to buy some fruit.
他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好。
If only Mary could have come to the party.
要是玛丽当时能参加这个聚会就好了。
If only I could have been with you.
我当时能和你在一起就好了。
If only they would tell me what they've decided.
但愿他们能把决定告诉我。
If you would only learn to eat quietly！
要是你吃东西的声音放轻一些就好了。
If only you would come to my help.
要是你来帮助我就好了。
◆if only与I wish之间的区别在于：前者常表示渴望或懊悔；后者常指尚有可能发生的事：如果表示一种客气的祈使语气最好用I wish，以说明这种愿望有可能实现，如：
I wish you would be quiet.
我希望你能安静。33（A）It would be worth while trying even though it may not succeed at once.（B）He did well in his examination， even if he didn't get a prize.
译文（A）这件事即使不会一下子成功也值得一试。（B）他虽然未得奖但考得很好。
解释
even though和even if均作“即使；纵然；尽管”解，相当于though或although，特别要注意用了上述结构，在主句中开首不能用but。
Even though he felt sorry for me， he was secretly pleased that I was having difficulties.
虽然他表面上为我感到惋惜，但他看到我处境困难却暗自高兴。
We intend to go to India， even if air fares go up again between now and the summer.
即使从现在到夏天飞机票又会涨价，我们也要到印度去。
I'll get there even though I have to walk all the way.
即使一路上走着去我也要走到那里。
Even if he did say so， we can't be sure he was telling the truth.
即使他那样说过，我们也不能断定他讲的是否真实。
Even if it takes me six months， I'm determined to finish the job.
即使要我花6个月工夫，我也决定要完成这项工作。34
I feel as if[as though]I'm floating on air.
译文
我觉得好像漂浮在空中一样。
解释
as if和as though在意义和用法上基本上相同，作“好像，似乎，仿佛”解，在这种结构中，动词不一定非得用过去式，也不必用were代替所有的verb to be，特别在口语中用法更为灵活。
She acted as if she were mad.
她的举动像疯了一样。
She was trembling as if she had seen a ghost.
她直发抖，就像见了鬼似的。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他装出若无其事的样子。
It sounds as if[as though]the situation will get worse.
听起来好像情况会恶化似的。
It feels as if[as though]it's going to rain.
这天气给人的感觉好像就要下雨了。
He stood as if rooted to the ground.
他像钉在地上似地站着。
She opened her mouth as if to speak.
她张开口，像要说话似的。
He rubbed his eyes and yawned as though waking up after a long sleep.
他又揉眼睛又打哈欠，好像睡了一大觉刚醒似的。
◆as if也可用于感叹句中：
As if I care whether she's offended！
好像我会担心她是否生气似的！（=I don’t care.我才不在乎呢。）
As if it matters[mattered]！
好像有什么要紧似的！（=It doesn’t matter.不要紧。）35（A）I'm taking a raincoat with me in case I need it.（B）We have a memorial service every year lest we（should）forget our debt to those who died in battle.（C）I bought the car at once for fear that he might change his mind.
译文（A）我随身带着雨衣，以备不时之需。（B）我们每年举行一次悼念仪式，以缅怀阵亡战士并表示感恩。（C）我立刻买下了那辆汽车，以防他改变主意。
解释（A）中in case作“免得；以防；以防万一”解，也可表示“也许；说不定”，这是口语中常用的句型。
Keep the window closed in case it rains.
把窗子关好以防下雨。
Walk into the room on tiptoe in case you（should）wake the baby.
踮着脚走进房间，免得弄醒孩子。
Wait outside in case you can be useful.
在外面等，也许你可以帮点忙。
We've installed an extinguisher next to the cooker in case there is ever[there should ever be]a fire.
我们在炉边安装了一个灭火器，以防着火。
◆在口语中in case或just in case可单独使用，如：
It may rain—you'd better take an umbrella（just）in case.
可能要下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。
I'm sure John will remember， but why not give him a ring just in case?
我相信约翰不会忘记的，但以防万一不妨打个电话给他。在美式英语中，in case相当于if，如：
In case I'm late， start without me.
如果我来晚了，你们先走好了。（B）中lest作“唯恐；免得；为了不使”解，表示“担心；害怕”；在lest之后should可有可无。
She pulled away from the window lest anyone（should）see her.
她从窗户那里走开以防有人看见她。
He paused， afraid lest he（should）say too much.
他不说下去了，怕话讲得太多。
I avoided mentioning the subject lest he（should）be offended.
我回避提及这个问题，以免触犯他。
Lest anyone should think it strange， let me assure you that it is quite true.
我向你们担保那是真事，以免有人觉得奇怪。（C）中for fear（that）作“生怕；以免”解，表示“担忧”，常与might连用。
We spoke in whispers for fear（that）we might wake the baby.
我们轻声谈话以免吵醒婴儿。
We left two hours early for fear we might miss our plane.
我们提前两小时离开以免误了飞机。
◆上述两句句子均可改用短语for fear of来表达：
We spoke in whispers for fear of waking the baby.
We left two hours early for fear of missing our plane.36（A）If Henry were here， he would know the answer.（B）If John has worked hard， he would have passed the examination.（C）If you went there， you would see what I mean.（D）If our train were to arrive punctually， we should have time to visit your sister.（E）If you should change your mind， please let me know.
译文（A）如果亨利在场，他会知道答案。（B）约翰如果学习用功，早就通过考试了。（C）如果你去那儿，就会知道我的用意。（D）如果我们那班列车准时到达，我们还有时间去看看你的妹妹。（E）如果你改变主意，请告诉我。
解释
上述结构均为表示推理性或假设性的条件分句，含指“条件不可能实现”或“不现实”，故称虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）。（A）假设的是指现在时间，条件分句中动词用过去式，主句中则用would、should、could或might等这些情态动词。
If she heard of your marriage she would be surprised.
她假若听到你的婚事将会感到惊奇。
He wouldn't be in debt if he were not so extravagant.
如果他不是那么挥霍浪费，他就不至于负债。
If you went to London you might see the Queen.
你如果到伦敦去，可能会见到女王。
If you took your doctor's advice you might soon be well again.
你如果听医生的话可能很快会恢复健康。
If I were in your position， I would accept their offer.
我如果处在你的地位就接受他们的建议。
If you didn't stay up so late every evening， you wouldn't feel so sleepy in the morning.
你如果每天晚上不那么晚才睡早上不会那么困的。
I wouldn't be surprised if he didn't try to blackmail you.
他不想敲诈你才怪呢！
If I had longer legs， I'd be able to run faster.
如果我的腿再长一点的话，我就能跑得更快了。（B）假设的指过去时间，条件分句中动词用过去完成式，主句中则用would（should， could， might）+现在完成式这种结构，表示条件在过去时间未曾实现。
You could have done it if you had tried.
你原可以做到，要是你曾设法做的话。
If you had been at the meeting I should have seen you.
如果你参加了会议，当时我该看到你的。
If he had taken his doctor's advice he might not have died so young.
他要是听医生的话不会那么年轻就死了。
If I had worked harder at school， I would have got a better job.
要是在校读书时勤奋一些，我本来可以找到一份更好的工作。
If I had won the pools， life would have been much easier.
要是我当时赢了全部赌注，生活就好过多了。
They would have been here by now if they had caught the early train.
他们当时要是赶上了早班火车，现在该到这儿了。（C）和（D），（E）中假设的均指将来，条件分句的动词分别采用过去式，were to do sth.和should do sth.均表示推测性假设，条件实现的可能性是存在的，但不太大。
If you liked， I could ask my brother to look at your car.
如果你同意的话，我可以叫我弟弟来检查一下汽车。
If you went there by train， you would get there earlier.
如果你坐火车去，你会早些到那儿的。
We would all be masterminds if we had our policy cut and dried.
如果我们在这种情况下还能保持政策一成不变，那我们简直都成智多星了。
If I were[was]to ask， would you help me?
如果我提出请求，你会帮助我吗？
If the Government were to cut Value Added Tax， prices would fall.假如政府削减增值税，物价就会下跌。
What would you say if I were to tell you that Mary is going to be mar-ried?
如果我告诉你玛丽准备结婚，你会说些什么呢？
If you were to start early tomorrow morning， you would be at your desti-nation by evening.
你要是明天一清早动身将在傍晚前到达目的地。
If you should need help， please let me know at once.
要是你需要帮助，请立即让我知道。
If anyone should phone， you might tell them I'm busy.
有人打电话来，你可以说我很忙。
If you should be passing my house， you might return the book to me.
你如果路过我的家可以把那本书还给我。
If he should change his mind， no one would blame him.
如果他想改变主意，不见得会有人责怪他。37（A）Were John here now， he would explain the whole matter.（B）Had you asked me， I would have told you the an-swer.（C）Were our train to arrive punctually， we should have time to visit your sister.（D）Should you need help， please let me know.
译文（A）要是约翰在这儿，他会把整个事情解释清楚。（B）要是你问了我，我早就告诉你答案了。（C）如果我们那班火车准时到达，我们会有时间去看一下你的妹妹。（D）你需要帮助的话，请让我知道。
解释
上述结构系倒装句，将if去掉，were或助动词或情感动词置于句首。
Were Smith in your position， he would accept the offer.
要是史密斯处于你的地位，他会接受这个建议。
Were John in New York， he could have met my son.
如果约翰目前在纽约，他就能见到我的儿子。
Were it not for your help， I would still be in trouble.
要不是你帮助我的话，我就不能摆脱困境。
Had the management acted sooner， the strike wouldn't have ha-ppened.
如果资方早些采取行动，罢工本来是不会发生的。
Had I known you were ill， I'd have called to see you.
要是我知道你生病，我早就来看你了。
Had it not been for the rain， we would have had a good harvest.
要不是下雨，我们本来会获得大丰收的。
Were Sue to make an effort， she could do better.
要是苏努力的话，她会做得好一些的。
Were he to see you[Should he see you]，he'd be surprised.
他假如看到你，会感到惊奇。
Were the Government to cut Value Added Tax[Should the Government cut Value Added Tax]，prices would fall.
如果政府削减增值税，物价就会下跌。
Should he fail he ought to try again.
如果失败了，他应当再尝试。
Should you change your mind， please notify us as soon as possible.
要是你改变主意，请尽早通知我们。38（A）Whenever I come it rains.（B）No matter when I come， it rains.
译文（A）（B）我来时，天总是下雨。
解释
whenever=no matter when作“无论何时；在任何时候；每当；每次”解，whenever比no matter when常用。
I'll discuss the matter with you whenever you like.
你愿意什么时候我就什么时候和你商量这件事。
Whenever[=No matter when]she comes， she brings a friend.
她每次来都带个朋友。
I'd like to see you whenever（it's）convenient.
什么时候方便我就什么时候来看你。
Whenever possible the jobs are given to local people.
只要有可能总是为本地人提供就业机会。39（A）Wherever you go， you can't escape from yourself.（B）No matter where you go， you can't escape from yourself.
译文（A）（B）无论你到哪里去，都不可能摆脱自己。
解释
wherever=no matter where作“无论在哪里；无论到哪里”解，系一种让步分句，特别要注意no matter之后不能省略where。
I'll find him， wherever he is.
不管他在哪儿我都要把他找到。
Wherever the film star goes， there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
这位电影明星不论走到哪里，总是有成群的人等着见她。
We try to help， wherever there is injustice.
凡有不公正的地方，我们都竭力相助予以纠正。
No matter where you go， I will go too.
你到哪里，我也到哪里。40（A）Whatever I say， I seem to say the wrong thing.（B）No matter what I say， I seem to say the wrong thing.
译文（A）（B）无论我说什么，似乎都说得不当。
解释
whatever=no matter what作“不论什么；无论什么”解，请注意若whatever作修饰语用时，名词要直接跟在其后。
Whatever[No matter what]you（may）think， I'm going ahead with my plans.
不管你怎么想，我将执行我的计划。
Whatever faults he may have， meanness is not one of them.
不管他可能有什么样的缺点，但绝不鄙吝。
No matter what I did[Whatever I did]，no one paid any attention.
不管我做什么无人会关注。
No matter what[Whatever]may happen， you will always be glad that you tried to do your best.
不管会发生什么事，你尽了最大努力，为此可以始终感到欣慰。
Whatever we may think of the wisdom of his plans， no one can deny that they are bold and imaginative.
不管我们对他的计划之高明与否有什么看法，但有一点是无可否认的，那就是这些计划构思大胆并富有想象力。
Whatever nonsense the paper prints， some people always believe it.
不管报纸胡说什么总有人相信。
You don't have to change your position on the problem， whatever opinions may be held by others.
不管其他人有什么看法，你不必在这个问题上改变自己的观点。41（A）No matter how far it is， I intend to drive there to-night.（B）However far it is， I intend to drive there tonight.
译文（A）（B）不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。
解释
however=no matter how作“不管怎样”解，请注意若在no matter how或however结构中有副词或形容词，应直接置于no matter how[however]之后。
However brilliant you are[may be]，you can't know everything.
不管你有多么聪明，也不可能什么都知道。
No matter how hard I tried， I couldn't manage it.
不管我下了多大工夫，还是做不来。
However often you ring， no one will answer.
不管你按铃多久，没有人会来开门的。
She leaves her bedroom window open， however cold it is.无论天气多么冷，她总是把卧室的窗户打开。
However I approached the problem， I couldn't find a solution.
这个问题不管我采用什么方法处理总是解决不了。42（A）It is obvious that money doesn't grow on trees.（B）That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvi-ous.（C）The fact that money doesn't grow on trees is obvi-ous.
译文（A）（B）（C）钱不是长在树上，这是显而易见的。
解释（A）中it用来引导名词分句“that”-clause；（B）“that”-clause名词分句作主语用，置于句首；（C）名词分句前用了the fact，“that”-clause用作同位语从句，即与the fact同位。
It seemed that no one knew where the village was.
看来谁也不知道那个村子在哪儿。
It appears that he forgot to sign the letter.
看来他是忘记在信上签名了。
It now looks certain that the fire was caused by a cigarette butt.
现在似乎可以肯定火灾是由一个烟蒂引起的。
It cannot be denied that this view is abundantly justified by history.
历史以大量的事实证明这种观点是站得住脚的，这是无可否认的。
It's a wonder（that）he hasn't been in jail before this.
奇怪的是，在发生这件事之前，他竟然未坐过牢。
It's strange that you should come today.
真奇怪，你今天倒来了。
It was typical of our luck that it happened to be raining.
我们真倒霉，那天恰巧下雨。
It is important（necessary， essential）that we should find a solution to the problem as soon as possible.
重要的是（必须要做的事是）我们应该尽早找出解决问题的办法。
It's splendid news that you've found a job.
你找到工作这是个大好消息。
It's likely（that）they'll announce their marriage soon.
很可能他们不久将宣布结婚。
It is strange that the Websterians， generally so alert to what is vital in the continually burgeoning language， can't see that this sort of thing isn't language at all.
对不断发展的语言中至关重要的现象极为留意的韦氏词典编者，居然看不出这类东西根本不是语言，纯属怪事。
◆由it引导的“that”-clause中that在口语中可以省略。在It is important（necessary， essential）that...这种结构中英式英语常用should，而美式英语中则可以省略。如：
It is necessary that this problem（should）be addressed before we pro-ceed any further.
在进一步讨论之前我们必须先处理这个问题。
在美式英语中suggest， propose等之后跟接的“that”-clause中should可以省略，如：
They propose that a mediator（should）be nominated.
他们建议提名一个人当调停者。
The committee suggests that even greater emphasis（should）be placed on this matter.
委员会提出这件事应该予以充分重视。
I suggest that he（should）apply for the job.
我建议他申请这份工作。
I suggest that he（should）not apply for the job.
我建议他不申请这份工作。
That the attempt to save her had failed soon became widely known.
想救她而未成功，此事不久已尽人皆知。
That man can aspire to and achieve goodness is evident through all of history.
人向往善良且实行之，这在整个历史上是屡见不鲜的。
That such an indifferent player should win the game was indeed a mys-tery.
这样一个水平不高的选手竟然赢了这场比赛，真令人费解。
The fact that his proposal makes sense should be recognized.
应当承认他的建议是有道理的。
The idea that everyone should be required to vote by law is something I don't agree with.
主张由法律规定每个人都要投票的意见我可不赞同。
The thought that the team might lose the game worried the coach.
教练因想到球队可能在这场比赛中会输而担忧。
Is there any certainty that they will carry out their plans?
能否断定他们会执行计划吗？
I had a feeling that no one thought I was good enough.
我有一种感觉，那就是人人都认为我不够好。
There is no truth in the rumour that the delay was due to a judge falling asleep.
谣传这次耽搁是由于法官睡着了而造成的，这是毫无根据的。
◆有时同位语分句不紧跟在其同位的词语之后，中间插进了动词，特别需要注意这一类结构，如：
Instructions were given that warm clothing should be distributed to the flood victims.
有指示说要给水灾难民分发保暖衣服。
No evidence has been provided that he was involved in the robbery.
无人提供证据，证明他涉嫌这宗盗窃案。
A shakeout already is underway that will end with six or eight producers dominating the field.
已经出现了大衰退，结果只剩下6家或8家厂商支撑场面。43（A）She finds it boring to stay at home.（B）I find it strange that she doesn't want to travel.
译文（A）她觉得待在家里十分无聊。（B）我觉得很奇怪，她竟然不想旅游。
解释
先行代词it作主语用，引导不定词或动名词的句型十分普遍，如：
It's dangerous to bathe in this river.
在那条河里洗澡很危险。
It wouldn't be of any good for me to talk to him.
我跟他谈不见得有什么好处。
It'so nice sitting here with you.
与你一起坐在这儿真令人愉快。
It's not worthwhile losing your temper.
你发脾气是不值得的。
先行代词it作为宾语用，引导不定词、动名词或名词分句，也是一种常用的句型。
Do you find it pleasant to live in a small village?
你觉得住在小村庄愉快吗？
That made[rendered]it impossible for me to get my ideas across to you.
那使我无法让你接受我的看法。
The blister on my heel made it painful to walk.
我因脚跟上长了水泡走路疼痛。
I must leave it to your own judgement to decide whether you should of-fer your resignation.
你是否该递辞呈由你定夺。
Do we owe it to society to help in the apprehension of criminals?
我们对社会负有协助捉拿罪犯的责任吗？
Jane found it dull working at the kitchen sink all day.
简觉得整天在厨房的水槽旁工作十分无聊。
I don't think it worthwhile losing your temper on the slightest provoca-tion.
我认为你不值得被稍稍一激就大发脾气。
He made it clear that he objected to your plans.
他明确表示反对你的计划。
You have not made it clear whether financial help is available for
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