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天津外国语大学241二外英语历年考研真题及详解试读：
2005年天津外国语大学241二外英语真题及详解
考试科目：英语二外
(注意：答案必须写在答题纸上)
(全卷试题共100分)
I. Find the right definition for each word or phrase in Column A by choosing one from Column B. (15%)【答案】
1．J→unrealistic—不切实际的；不实在的
2．E→underweight—重量不足的
3．H→slimness—苗条；纤细
4．O→plump—使丰满；使鼓起
5．B→excess—超过，超额；过度，过量
6．M→with regard to—关于；至于
7．I→refreshing—提神的；使清爽的；使人重新振作的
8．L→bias—偏见；偏爱
9．N→seminar—讨论会，研讨班
10．K→rest with—在于；取决于
11．A→swear—发誓；咒骂
12．C→reassurance—使安心，再保证
13．F→heal—治愈，痊愈
14．G→swell—膨胀；肿胀
15．D→motivate—刺激
II. Vocabulary and Structure (20%)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1．He wrote to the graduate school to _____ about the doctorate study in Washington University.
A. acquire
B. request
C. inquire
D. require【答案】C【解析】句意：他写信给研究生院询问关于华盛顿大学的博士学习。inquir询问；查究；问明。acquire获得；取得。request要求，请求。require需要；要求；命令。
2．My school was traditional, but more ______ than other public schools.
A. long
B. lasting
C. crafty
D. liberal【答案】D【解析】句意：我的学校是传统的，但比其他公立学校更加开明。liberal开明的；自由主义的。long长的。lasting持久的；永恒的。crafty狡猾的；灵巧的。
3．They happily _____ the existence of opinions contrary to their own.
A. resist
B. tolerate
C. sustain
D. undergo【答案】B【解析】句意：他们乐于接受与之相反的观点。tolerate忍受；默许。resist抵抗，抗拒。sustain维持；支撑。undergo经历，经受；忍受。
4．_____ these criticism, I shall attempt to justify my action.
A. Mindful of
B. Awkward of
C. Ignorant of
D. Shy on【答案】A【解析】句意：注意到这些批评，我会试图证明我的行动是正当的。mindful of注意；留心。awkward尴尬的；笨拙的。ignorant of不知道；不懂。
5．Different people have the most _____ ideas about what is important in life.
A. versatile
B. vague
C. verbal
D. varied【答案】D【解析】句意：不同的人对生命中什么是重要的有不同的看法。varied多变的；各式各样的。versatile多才多艺的；通用的，万能的。vague模糊的；含糊的。verbal口头的；言语的。
6．“Why couldn’t they meet us at 5 o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by _____.”
A. a heavy traffic
B. heavy traffic
C. some heavy traffic
D. many traffic【答案】B【解析】句意：“为什么他们不能在五点钟遇见我们？”“因为他们被堵塞的交通延误了”。traffic交通，为不可数名词，不可以用a或者many修饰。
7．“His grandmother still treats him like a child.” “She can’t imagine _____ grown up.”
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. himself【答案】B【解析】句意：“他的祖母仍然把他像小孩一样对待。”“她不能想象他已经长大了”。该空做动词imagine的宾语，所以要用宾格him。
8．The mayor of the city is a _____ old man.
A. respective
B. respectful
C. respecting
D. respectable【答案】D【解析】句意：这个城市的市长是一个值得尊敬的老人。respectable值得尊敬的；人格高尚的。respective分别的，各自的。respectful恭敬的；有礼貌的。
9．Where _____ dirt, there are flies.
A. there has been
B. there will have
C. has there been
D. there is【答案】D【解析】句意：肮脏的地方就有苍蝇。There be句型表示的是“某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语，因为后面的名词为dirt，是不可数名词，所以此处应为there is。
10．We are all overjoyed at the news _____ the experiment turned out a success.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. what【答案】A【解析】句意：实验获得成功这一消息使我们万分高兴。这里考查同位语从句，用that引导，在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。
11．It’s about time that somebody _____ you to behave yourself.
A. teach
B. will teach
C. taught
D. teaches【答案】C【解析】句意：到了某人教你规矩行为的时候了。“到了某人该做某事的时候了”的句型是It is/was about time that sb did/should do sth，即此处可以填taught或者should teach。
12．Women wearing the gowns were reported to look _____ they had just stepped out of bed.
A. like
B. as to
C. as
D. as if【答案】D【解析】句意：据说穿着这件长袍的女士像刚起床。as if好像，在look，seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。look like看上去像，后面接名词，不可以接句子。
13．Occasionally she and Philip _____ little pictures.
A. would go out and paint
B. were used to going out and painting
C. could go out and paint
D. used to going out and painting【答案】A【解析】句意：有时，她会和菲利浦一起外出画一些小画。would用在陈述语气中，表示过去将来时，表示无意识的行动或单纯将来发生的事或动作。be used to doing sth习惯于做某事。used to do sth表示过去常常做某事而现在不再做了。
14．_____ disappoint them he did two quick tricks.
A. Rather than
B. Neither
C. Instead
D. Other than【答案】A【解析】句意：而不是使孩子们失望，他快速地做了两个恶作剧。rather than而不是。neither两个都不；既不……也不。instead代替；反而，用于句首时需要加上of，且instead of后面接动名词。other than除了；不同于。
15．Every attention must be paid to him, lest he _____ that he is inferior to my other guests.
A. feel
B. would feel
C. felt
D. feels【答案】A【解析】句意：所有的注意力必须放在他身上，以免他感觉自己比我的其他客人差。lest的意思是“唯恐，以免，免得”。是连词，引出的目的状语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语多用 should 加动词原形构成，其中should可以省略。
16．That was a terrible piece of work you ______ the other day. I could hardly believe it was yours.
A. turned down
B. turned to
C. turned up
D. turned in【答案】D【解析】句意：你几天前上交的作品非常糟糕，我不敢相信那是你做的。turn in交上；归还。turn down减小，关小，调低。turn to转向；变成；求助于。turn up出现；找到。
17．The enemy are ______ their offensive capacity along the border.
A. building on
B. building up
C. building out
D. building off【答案】B【解析】句意：敌人正在边界一带增强他们的进攻能力。build up建立增长。build on依赖，依靠……；建立于。build out增建。build off制作；起飞。
18．Success or failure here would be crucial to his future _____.
A. proposals
B. prospects
C. promises
D. privileges【答案】B【解析】句意：在这的成功或者失败对他的前途将有决定性的作用。prospect前景；预期。proposal提议，建议；求婚。promise许诺，允诺。privilege特权；优待。
19．_____ him as a writer I do not like him as a man.
A. As I much admire
B. Much as I admire
C. Much admire as I
D. However I much admire【答案】B【解析】句意：他作为一个作家我很崇拜，但不喜欢他作为一个男人。as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前，在这里将副词much提前。
20．______ interesting to us, but also its English will help us in composition.
A. Not only the novel will be
B. Not only will the novel be
C. Not only will be the novel
D. Only will the novel be【答案】B【解析】句意：这本小说对我们而言不仅有兴趣，其中的英文对写作也有帮助。not only…but also 连接两个分句，并且not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装，所以the novel will be not only interesting to us要变成not only will the novel be interesting to us。
III. Reading Comprehension (15%)
Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D). You should decide on the best choice and write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
In a society such as Untied States or Canada, which has many national, religious and cultural differences, people highly value individualism—the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values do not memorize information. Instead, they work individually and find answers themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.
In most Asian societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in the Orient reflects society’s belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments. There are advantages and disadvantages to both of the system of education. For example, one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high school.
They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control. There is, however, a disadvantage, Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.
The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they haven’t memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have.
1．The reason why American teachers attach much importance to individualism is that _____.
A. they are required to do so
B. their students do not memorize information
C. the United States is a country of multiculture
D. their students work individually
2．Which of the following statements applies to Asian methods of education?
A. Each child in a classroom draws different picture
B. Students have to find information themselves
C. Students are prepared for a society that values discipline
D. Teachers serve as guide in discussion
3．An ideal educational system would be the one that _____.
A. has more advantages
B. is based on the combination of Western and Oriental methods
C. is based on the Western system
D. rests on the Asian system
4．The author is convinced that _____.
A. different educational systems reflect different culture of the societies
B. students from Western countries are creative but selfish
C. Asian students are merely interested in math and science
D. there are more advantages to Western system of education than to Oriental one
5．The passage is chiefly about _____.
A. the differences in methods of education between the Orient and the West
B. the advantages and disadvantages to both of the Western and Asian educational system
C. how Asian school systems reflect group goals
D. how Western school systems mirror the value of individualism【答案与解析】
1．C 根据文章第一段第一句可知，美国中存在很多宗教和文化的差异，所以人们高度重视个人主义，因此本题中老师十分注重个人主义是因为美国是一个多文化的国家，故而选择C。
2．C 根据文章第三段“The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control”可知，亚洲的教学系统能够为社会培育出重视自律和自我控制的学生。
3．B 作者在文中分析了中西方教育各自的优缺点，根据第二段中的“There are advantages and disadvantages to both of the system of education”可知，完美的教育形式应该是这两者的结合，故而选择B。
4．A 作者在第一段就指出，由于美国是一个多文化的国家，所以他们重视个人主义，他们的教育方式也能反映出这一点，再根据第二段中的“the educational system in the Orient reflects society’s belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism”可知，东方的教育反映出东方社会对集体目标的追求，所以作者认为不同的教育方式能反映社会的不同文化。
5．A 本文先介绍了西方和东方的不同教育方法，然后归纳了两者各自的优缺点，所以本文主要是在讨论中西方教育的不同之处，选择A。
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is “Don’t”. But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a theatrical company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, publicity, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed, the hours are long and the salary is tiny.
Of course, some people have remarkable chances which lead to fame and success without this long and hard training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his car. He stopped and got out to speak to the girl. He asked if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to convince Connie that he was serious. The test was successful. And within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!
6．From the very beginning, the author puts it clearly that acting is a profession _____.
A. sought after by too many
B. too difficult for young people
C. for ambitious people only
D. for young people only
7．For someone who feels he must act, it is very likely that _____.
A. he will become a film star at long last
B. he will become a stage manager
C. he will be well paid
D. he will end up without any success
8．The film producer found Connie Pratt one morning when she was _____.
A. working in a bicycle factory
B. driving past him in her car
C. going to a film studio
D. waiting for a bus
9．A few weeks after the test, Connie Pratt found herself _____.
A. the most famous actress of the world
B. playing the leading female role in a play
C. as famous as the greatest actor of the world
D. no less famous as the leading actor of the day
10．The concluding sentence “chances like this happen once in a blue moon” means _____.
A. this is something which happens once in a while
B. this is a highly profitable chance
C. this is something highly possible
D. this is a very rare chance【答案与解析】
6．A 根据第一段第一句“Acting is such an over-crowded profession”可知，演员这一职业被太多人追求。
7．D 根据第一段第二句“it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are slim”可知，对于那些认为自己必须做演员的人来说，成功的机会也是十分渺茫，即他最后可能不会成功。
8．D 根据第二段中的“A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop”可知，当Connie Pratt在等公交时，一位电影制片人发现了她。
9．B 根据第二段中倒数第二句的“she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day”可知，Connie Pratt是在剧中扮演女主角。
10．D “chances like this happen once in a blue moon”是指那是非常偶然的事，十分罕见。所以选择D。
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early post-war era, there was a quite wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction.
Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong. Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the following warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.
11．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To look back to the early days of computers.
B. To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.
C. To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.
D. To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.
12．The author advises those dealing with computers to _____.
A. be reasonably skeptical about them
B. check all their answers
C. substitute them for basic thinking
D. use them for business purposes only
13．An “internal computer” is _____.
A. a computer used exclusively by one company for one own problems
B. a person’s store of knowledge and the ability to process it
C. the most up-to-date in-house computer a company can buy
D. a computer from the post-war era which is very reliable
14．The author suggests that the present-day problem with regard to computers is _____.
A. challenging
B. dramatic
C. psychological
D. malfunctioning
15．It can be inferred from the passage that the author would disapprove of _____.
A. computer science courses in high schools
B. businessmen and women who use pocket calculators
C. maintenance checks on computers
D. companies which depend only on computers for decision-making【答案与解析】
11．D 文章分析了人们过分依赖电子计算机这一问题，在结尾向人们提出了忠告：尽管电子计算机可以提供各种帮助，但是它不应被视为代替人们基本思维和推理的东西。文章主要目的是警告人们在心理上对计算机不要采取懒惰的态度。
12．A 文章第二段第二句说：“Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days.”由此我们可以推断出，文章建议那些与计算机打交道的人应该对它们采取合理的怀疑态度。
13．B 理解“internal computer”的含义的关键是确定“internal”的意思。这个词几个基本含义是“内部的，体内的，内在的”。从它所在的上下文来看，它的意思是“体内的”。“internal computer”是一种比喻说法，指人的大脑，它比计算机更聪明、更复杂，具有储存知识和运用知识的能力。因此，选项B是正确答案。
14．C 根据文章内容我们得知，当今电子计算机的问题既不是令人深思的也不是容易出故障。它的问题是人们在心理上过分信赖它，对它的能力毫不怀疑。
15．D 作者在文章末尾指出，电脑不应被视为代替人们基本思维和推理的东西，所以作者不会赞成公司去依靠电脑来做出决策。
IV. Short Answer Questions (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and give brief answers to the questions.
As every schoolboy knows, the important raw materials of industry are coal, oil and iron. But, as every businessman knows, the most important raw material of all is the schoolboy who, as a trained college graduate, will run the U.S. industry of the future. Today U.S. industry is faced with a tight shrinkage of such manpower, it needs not only more but better trained college graduates.
To help them, many businessmen believe, that corporations must 1) provide much of the cash needed by colleges to expand their facilities and improve their teaching, and 2) work more closely with colleges on business’s needs. As Robert R. Young pointed out at a White Sulphur Springs conference of businessmen and educators, industry and education have a clear mutuality of interest.
Businessmen and educators have not always recognized this. While there are a few businessmen who still regard college professors as fuzzy-minded and likely to be radicals, and a few educators who still look on businessmen as mere money-grabbers, the mutual distrust has generally disappeared in the mutual need. The rapidly expanding U.S. economy has made college graduates more important than ever to industry. In turn, universities must depend increasingly on corporations for contributions, since high taxes have all but cut off the flow of the big individual contributions that built the private school.
1．What are the most important raw materials of industry to businessmen?
2．What did Robert R. Young point out?
3．Why are college graduates more important than ever to U.S. industry?
4．What has generally disappeared because of their mutual need?
5．What should businessmen do to help colleges?【答案与解析】
1．schoolboy（由第一段中的“as every businessman knows, the most important raw material of all is the schoolboy”可知答案为schoolboy）
2．Industry and education have a clear mutuality of interest.（由第二段最后一句可以得出）
3．Because U.S. economy is rapidly expanding.（根据最后一段中的“The rapidly expanding U.S. economy has made college graduates more important than ever to industry”可以得出）
4．Mutual distrust（根据最后一段中的“the mutual distrust has generally disappeared in the mutual need”可以得出）
5．Businessmen should provide much of the cash needed by colleges to expand their facilities and improve their teaching, and work more closely with colleges on business’s needs.（根据文章第二段得出）
V. Replacement (10%)
Directions: Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with the phrases supplied. Each phrase can be used only once. Please take care to use the right form and keep the original meaning.
1．As the usual rate he makes a profit of 500 yuan each day.
2．I’ve always admired her acting and would love to meet her in person.
3．The sudden start and quick spread of the fire killed all the people in the building.
4．You can never expect your child not to be affected by the influence around him. The key point is to educate your child.
5．If the Internet is a very useful tool, we should take advantage of it in our study.
6．Water can damage rock bit by bit after a long time, even though the rock is harder.
7．Nancy shut the windows for fear that the noise would take her children’s attention away from their homework.
8．Opposite to his position, I claim that university students should engage themselves in extracurricular activities.
9．Several of his ideas about changes in the government are proven not to be true.
10．He has put his name on an agreement to be a player for the college football team.【答案】
1．on average
2．face to face
3．wipe out
4．to be immune to
5．make the most of
6．eat away at rock
7．distract her children from
8．contrary to
9．don’t hold water
10．sign up
VI. Translation (15%)
English to Chinese
He is a national hero today. As the first Chinese man in space, he becomes an overnight celebrity. And if tens of millions of people already see him as symbol of China’s latest achievement, that number can only grow in the future.【答案】他今天是一个民族英雄。作为第一个进入太空的中国人，他一夜成名。如果数千万人已经视他为中国最新成就的象征，这个数字在未来只会更大。
Chinese to English
1．现在的父母更加关注孩子们在生活中能否成功。【答案】Parents currently pay more attention to whether or not their children can succeed in life.
2．我喜欢工作，工作中有发现自己的机会。【答案】I like to work, which provides me with the opportunity to know more about myself.
3．现代妇女受到的教育比以前任何时候都要好。【答案】Modern women are better educated than ever before.
4．只要一个人还有所追求他就没有老。【答案】A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.
VII. Writing (15%)
Directions: Write a composition of at least 100 words on the topic How to Get a Sound Job.【参考范文】
There is no doubt that a sound job is of great importance to most of us, which provides us with basic living necessities as well as sense of achievement. As a result, it is helpful and necessary to know how to get a sound job. Here are some tips that you might find useful.
First of all, it will help a lot to study hard and acquire as much as knowledge. Although what you have learnt in the school may not be
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