作者：高淑凤
出版社：辽宁教育出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
英语词汇常见错误例解试读：
前言
英语已成为一种国际性的语言，在我国英语学习者也日益增多，特别是在高等院校英语作为一种必修课程，广大师生投入了大量的时间和精力来完成这门课程的教学和学习任务。在近三十年英语教学实践中，我们常看到许多学生在英语词汇运用过程中出现这样或那样的错误，表现在词性不明，词义不清，固定搭配不当以及英语习惯用法不符等等。如果我们能及时帮助他们改正这些错误，从而使他们的英语水平得到进一步提高，这就是编写本书的目的所在。
在编写体系上，本书充分考虑到英语学习者的特点，力求达到科学、实用、通俗、易懂。对英语词汇按词类列目，所选用的错例针对性强，分析说明易懂易记；指出正确的用法，给予扼要的讲解；并通过正误对比，使学习者能迅速发现问题症结所在，有助于他们对英语词汇的记忆、理解、运用和掌握。
本书可以作为英语词汇学习的辅助材料，对其他有一定基础的英语学习者也会起到很大的帮助作用。
在编写的过程中，我们参考了大量的书籍，在此谨向这些书籍的作者深表谢意。
由于编者水平有限，本书一定还有不少的缺点和错误，尚望专家与读者批评指正。
一、名词
1. accident 事故，灾难incident事件（指随着某件事的附带发生的事件或可能性较小的事件)∴例：上周在典礼上发生了一件怪事。
×误：A strange accident happened in the ceremony last week.
√正：A strange incident happened in the ceremony last week.
说明：accident是指预想不到的意外事故，如车祸等。
The lady was killed in a traffic accident.
这位女士死于一场车祸。
The actor was killed in a plane accident.
男演员在一次飞机事故中死亡。
Carelessness often causes accidents in everyday life.
在日常生活中粗心常导致事故。
Yesterday there was a car accident in his school.
昨天他学校发生了一起车祸。与accident有关常见短语：
by accident（副）偶然地，意外地
by accident of（介）因……的巧合
without accident（副）平安无事
∷如：He met her by accident in a crowded train last week.
上周他意外地在拥挤的火车中遇见她。
The trip was a success, but more by accident not because of good planning.
这次旅行成功完全是偶然，不是事先计划的。
而incident是指小事件。
Hardships are incident to the life of an explorer.
探险者的生活总是艰难困苦的。
There were a number of unpleasant incidents after the basketball match.
篮球赛后，发生了多起不快事件。
A strange incident happened after school.
放学后发生了一件奇怪的事。
a humorous incident 幽默的插曲
without incident 平安无事2. act, action 行动，行为
∴例：刚才这位男士的举止像个孩子。
×误：The man' s action was like a boy just now.
√正：The man' s act was like a boy just now.
说明：①act是指暂时的，具体的简单行为。
∷如：He jumped into the river and saved the girl. That was really a brave act.
他跳入河中救出女孩，真是勇敢的行为。
The girl slipped and fell in the act of picking up the ball.女孩在捡球时滑了一跤。
②action是指较复杂的，继续的行为。
∷如：In fact, all we need now is action not discussion.
事实上，我们现在需要的是行动，而不是讨论。
The police had to take firm action to deal with the riots.
警方不得不采取果断行动对付骚乱。
The workers urge strike action．工人们力促采取罢工行动。
Actions are more important than words．行比言更重要。in/into action 在运行，在活动
out of action 不工作，不在运行
take action采取行动
in the(very）act of 正在……时3. advice 劝告，忠告，建议
∴例：他给我的忠告是更努力地工作。
×误：His advices to me were to work hard.
√正：His advice to me was to work hard.
说明：advice是不可数名词，不能加s，可以说a piece of advice, some advice或much advice.
∷如：He would not take my much advice．他不肯接受我的许多劝告。
I asked my teacher for advice on my future course.
我请老师对我的未来去向作些建议。
You should follow his advice．你应该听从他的忠告。
Let me give you a piece of advice．让我给你一个忠告。
注意：advise“忠告”，动词，与之相关动词依次为：
urge力劝 recommend 劝告，推荐 advise 忠告，建议
admonish 告诫，训诫 caution 警告 warn警告同advice构成常见短语：
give/offer him a piece of advice 给他忠告
act on/follow/take his advice 听他的忠告
seek his advice 求教于他
disregard/refuse/turn a deaf ear to his advice 不听他劝告
some advice on/about……有关……的忠告（名词+介词）
against his advice 不听他的忠告（介词+名词）
on/upon the advice of his teacher 听他老师的劝告（介+名）4. Africa非洲
∴例：我叔叔在非洲工作了两年。
×误：My uncle worked in africa for two years.
√正：My uncle worked in Africa for two years.
说明：非洲Africa，亚洲Asia，大洋洲 Australia等，各大洲第一个字母都要大写。
Some of the world' s highest mountains are in Asia.
世界最高峰有数座在亚洲。
There are a lot of wild elephants in Africa．在非洲有许多野象。
The girl studied English in Australia last year.
女孩去年在澳大利亚学英语。
The castle is said to be most beautiful in Europe.
据说该城堡之美居欧洲之冠。5. afternoon 下午（从正午到日落）
∴例：他们在下午两点见面。
×误：They met at 2:00 afternoon.
√正：They met at 2:00 in the afternoon.
说明：早晨、下午、晚上，而要说in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening．说某日的早晨、下午、晚上要用介词on.
∷如：on a fine afternoon 在一个晴朗下午
on Friday morning 在周五早晨
on Sunday evening 在周日的傍晚
注意：今天 早晨、下午、傍晚：
this morning, this afternoon, this evening 就不用介词了。
School starts on Monday morning.
学校于星期一早上开始上课。
I will try to speak to the student about it in the evening.
我会在晚上设法跟学生谈谈这事。
Let us go to the park with these children this morning.
今天上午让我们跟这些孩子们一起去公园吧！
The accident happened on Friday afternoon.
事故发生在周五的下午。6. age 年龄
∴例：你老师多大年纪了？
×误：How old is your teacher' s age？
√正：What' s your teacher' s age？
说明：“你多大了？”英语是 How old are you？或What' s your age？
He is about sixteen（years old）.=He is about sixteen years of age.
他大约十六岁。
She left school at the age of fifteen．她十五岁时离开学校。
Children of all ages will enjoy the popular song.
不管多大年龄的孩子，一定会喜欢这首流行歌曲。
When I was your age I never did anything like this！
我像你这样年纪的时候，从没有干出这种事！
注意：age还有“人生的阶段，时代”之意。
This is a problem that often develops in middle age.
这是人到中年常有的问题。
We are now living in the computer age.
今天我们生活在电脑时代。7. air 空气，大气，户外的空气
∴例：我们决定乘飞机去意大利。
×误：We decided to go to Italy in the air.
√正：We decided to go to Italy by air.
说明：in the air在空中（口语）谣言等在流传中，计划等未决定的。
∷如：Our job is in the air．我们的工作没落实。
The air has been polluted by car exhaust.
空气已遭汽车尾气污染。
Some substances resist corrosion by air or water.
有些物质可以抗空气或水的腐蚀。
Air not only occupies space but it also has weight.
空气不仅占据空间，而且它还占据重量。
而“乘坐飞机”是by air, by plane.
You want to go to Dalian, it is quicker by air(plane）.
你去大连，乘飞机要快得多。8. alphabet 全套字母，字母系统；letter 字母
∴例：这个词由十个字母组成。
×误：The word consists of ten alphabets.
√正：The word consists of ten letters.
说明：letter是指单个字母。
∷如：A is the first letter of the alphabet. A是字母表的第一个字母。
The English alphabet has 26 letters．英文全套有26个字母。
“I”is a capital letter; “i”is a small letter.“I”是大写字母；“i”是小写字母。
注意：letter 名词“信，字面意义”如：
Could you post this letter for me when you go out？
你出去时替我把这封信寄了好吗？
I have had a letter from the tax inspector saying I owe him
money．我收到一封税务官的信，说我欠他钱。
The case of murder was bound by the letter of the law.
这起杀人案被这一法律的字面所束缚。
Everyone must carry out the rules to the letter.
人人必须严格按照字句实施条例。9. a.m．午前；p.m．午后
∴例：学生们将于午后七点到家。
×误：The students will get home at seven o' clock p.m.
√正：The students will get home at seven p.m.
说明：a.m．是上午，p.m．是下午，他们置于表示时间的数字之后通常小写。
∷如：at 9:30 a.m．在上午九点三十分读成nine thirty a.m.
the 10:45 plane 10点45的飞机。
a.m．和 p.m．本身就含有点钟含意，所以表示时间要去掉o' clock.10. amount 数量
∴例：我总有大量的工作可做。
×误：I always have a large number of work to do.
√正：I always have a large amount of work to do.
说明：a large number of 和a large amount of都有“大量”的意思，但后者接不可数名词，前者接可数名词。
∷如：a large number of bags 大量的包
a large amount of money to spend 大量的钱要花
A large number of visitors want to visit that beautiful old stone house.
大批来宾要去参观那古老而美丽的石屋。
A large amount of money was spent on the new bridge.
那座新桥耗费了大量金钱。
You will have any amount of time after your examination.
考试过后，你们会有大量的时间。
the amount 总额，总计，总数。
∷如：What' s the amount of the bill？账单上金额总计多少？
He could only pay half the amount he owed.
他只能偿还所欠债款的一半。11. April 四月
∴例：我四月份去了北京。
×误：I went to Beijing in april.
√正：I went to Beijing in April.
说明：英语中的表月份词第一个字母都要大写。
∷如：January一月，February二月，March三月，等等。
They are going to get married in November.
他们将在十一月结婚。
My father came home from Europe on January 26.
My father came home from Europe on the 26th of January.
我爸爸一月二十六日从欧洲回来。
She started work there the August before last.
她前年八月开始在那工作。
It happened on May the fifteenth．这件事发生在五月十五日。
April Fools' Day愚人节12. arm 臂（从肩shoulder至腕 wrist；动物的前肢）
∴例：她怀里抱着婴儿。
×误：She held her baby in her arm.
√正：She held her baby in her arms.
说明：arm是可数名词，“怀中抱着……”是carry(have, hold）in one' s arms，这里习惯上用复数形式arms.
arms武器，兵器，武力
如：nuclear arms核武器
take up arms拿起武器
the arms race between the superpowers
超级大国间的军备竞赛。
She threw her arms around his neck.
她用双臂搂住他的脖子。
They waved their arms in the air and shouted at us.
他们挥动手臂，对着我们大喊。
而arm in arm 臂挽着臂 with folded arms 抱臂
The two good sisters walked arm in arm.
两个好姐妹挽臂而行。
Do not look on with folded arms．不要袖手旁观。13. attention 注意，注目
∴例：请注意你的行为。
×误：Please give more attentions to your action.
√正：Please pay more attention to your action.
说明：attention这里是名词，表示“注意（关注）某事”常用词组：
pay more attention to sth.
give(turn）one' s attention to sth.
常用短语：
attract(catch, draw, capture, command, get）one' s attention吸引某人注意
hold(retain）one' s attention on 将注意力集中于
direct(turn）one' s attention to 将注意力转向
It is difficult to hold the students' attention for more
than half an hour.
让学生持续集中注意力达半小时以上，真是很难。
They drew their attention to the rising unemployment.
失业率日渐升高引起他们的注意。
This thing requires her close attention．这事她必须密切关注。14. bath 沐浴，洗澡
∴例：你洗澡了吗？
×误：Did you take（have）a bathe？
√正：Did you take（have）a bath？
说明：have(take）a bath 指室内沐浴，而 have(take）a bathe 则指洗河、海水澡。另外bathe常做动词用。
∷如：Bathe the wound twice a day．伤口一天清洗两次。
Bathe your feet twice a week．每周要泡脚两次。
The fields were bathed in sunlight．田野沐浴于阳光中。
Would you prefer to take a bath or a shower？
你喜欢洗盆浴还是洗淋浴？
The mother gave the baby a bath this afternoon.
下午这位妈妈给婴儿洗澡了。
I prefer to bath in the morning, and then I go to work.
我喜欢早晨洗澡，然后上班去。（bath动词）
Let us go for a bathe．我们去游泳吧。（尤指在海里游泳）与bath有关的短语：
a cold bath冷水浴
bathtub浴盆，浴缸
shower curtain浴帘
public baths公共澡堂
have a shower淋浴
a room with a bath套房（附有浴室）
sit/lie in a hot bath泡缸
shampoo one' s hair洗发
bath towel浴巾
bathhouse公共澡堂，更衣室15. battle 战役，战斗，交战
∴例：这场战役持续多久？
×误：How long did the war go on？
√正：How long did the battle go on？
说明：war是“战争，战争状态”与之对应peace“和平”。a war of words舌战 the Second World War二次世界大战
a cold war冷战
a price war价格战
war and peace战争与和平
declare war宣战
The Allies waged war on Hitler．同盟国向希特勒开了战。
The war-torn city of Beirut屡遭战争破坏的贝鲁特城。
That is a price war among oil companies.
那是一场石油公司的价格战。
When war broke out, thousands of men volunteered for the army.
战争爆发，数以千计的人自愿参军。
而battle是“战役”，一次战争往往包含多次具体的战役。
The Battle of Waterloo滑铁卢之战
It is one of the most crucial battles in the whole war.
那是整个战争中最关键的战役之一。16. bed 床
∴例：孩子昨晚十点就寝。
×误：The child went to the bed at ten last night.
√正：The child went to bed at ten last night.
说明：go to bed“就寝”是固定词组，同 go to school“上学”一样，在bed及school前不加冠词。
go to the school 去这个学校
It is time the children go to bed．孩子们该睡觉了。
What time do you usually go to bed？你通常几点睡？
Do not go to the school to see her in class.
不要上课时去学校看她。
I went to the hospital to see my good friend tomorrow.
我昨天去医院探望我的好友。17. birth 出生
∴例：布莱克夫人上周生个小孩。
×误：Mrs. Black birthed a child last week.
√正：Mrs. Black gave birth to a child last week.
说明：birth是名词，不是动词。
a difficult birth难产
birthday生日
give birth to a baby生小孩
My good friend gave birth to a fine heathy baby last week.
我好朋友上周生了一个健康漂亮的宝宝。
Last year there were more births than deaths.
去年的出生人数大于死亡人数。
the birth of a child 一个孩子的诞生
the birth of a new nation 一个新国家的诞生18. blood 血，血统
∴例：他是贵族出身。
×误：He is of noble bloods.
√正：He is of noble blood.
说明：blood 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
∷如：Blood is thicker than water．血浓于水。
The son donated his blood to help his mother.
儿子献血救助他的母亲。
The heart pumps blood around the body.
心脏将血液送往身体各处。
Blood was pouring from a cut on his head.
他头上的伤口涌出鲜血。
a man of hot blood 血气之勇男士
a woman of noble blood 门第高贵的妇人
princes of the blood 有皇族血统的王子
in cold blood 冷血地 cold-blooded 冷血的
He killed the baby in cold blood last week.
上周他残忍地杀死这个婴儿。
Reptiles are cold-blooded．爬虫类都是冷血动物。
Li Gang played a cold-blooded killer in the film.
李刚在这部电影中扮演一位冷血杀手。19. boat 小船，小舟；ship 大轮船
∴例：他们乘船渡河。
×误：They crossed the river by ship（in a ship）.
√正：They crossed the river by boat（in a boat）.
说明：boat 常指江河，湖泊行驶的船；ship常指在海洋行驶的大轮船或舰。
∷如：He went to Europe by ship．他搭船去的欧洲。space ship 宇宙飞船 air ship 大型飞机
Dragon Boat 端午节
be in the same boat 同舟共济
burn one' s boats 破釜沉舟
It is much slower to cross the Atlantic by ship.
乘船横渡大西洋慢得多。
The students will cross the river by boat(in a boat）.
学生们将乘小船渡河。20. body 身体，躯体
∴例：我老爸身体很好。
×误：My old father' s body is good.
√正：My old father is sound in body.
说明：英语中有许多种表达“身体好”的用法。如：“to be sound（健康的）in body”, be well, be ok 短语都可以。
body 对应词mind, soul, spirit
∷如：body and soul 身心。
He devoted himself body and soul to his study.
他全身心地投入到学习中。
The police have found a body in the old canal.
警察在老运河中发现了一具尸体。
A sound mind in a sound body.
健康的心理寓于健康的身体。（谚语）
She had injuries to her head and body.
她的头部和身躯都受了伤。
You can imprison my body but not my mind.
你可以禁锢我的身体，但你不能禁锢我的精神。常用短语：
in a body 全体，一起
keep body and soul together 苟延残喘
own sb body and soul 完全主宰某人
bodyguard 保镖
body-building 健身，健美
body-builder 健身者，健美运动员
body clock 人体生物钟
body language 身势语，体态语21. bottle 瓶
∴例：这个学生喝了一瓶牛奶。
×误：The student has had a bottle milk.
√正：The student has had a bottle of milk.
说明：一瓶（的量）of名词：
∷如：He drank two bottles of beer．他喝了两瓶啤酒。
Why do not we crack open another bottle of champagne？
我们为什么不再开一瓶香槟酒呢？
The girl dranks a whole bottle of wine！女孩喝了一整瓶酒！
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
two bottles of water 两瓶水
bottled water 瓶装水
bottleneck 瓶颈（路段）
After three or four months the wine is bottled.
过三四个月就把酒装瓶了。（bottle装瓶，动词）22. bread 面包
∴例：他们以面包和牛奶为主食。
×误：They live on breads and milk.
√正：They live on bread and milk.
说明：bread是不可数名词，没有复数形式。“一（两）条面包”为 a loaf(two loaves）of bread
He ate five slices of bread just now．他刚才吃了五片面包。“许多面包”则为much(a lot of）bread
The children had bread and cheese for lunch.
孩子们午饭吃了干酪面包。
Would you like some bread and butter？
你要不要黄油面包？
French bread 法国面包
croissant 牛角面包
wholemeal bread 全麦面包
breadcrumbs 面包屑（烹饪用）23. breakfast 早餐
∴例：今天你何时吃的早饭？
×误：When did you have the breakfast this morning？
√正：When did you have breakfast this morning？
说明：一日三餐，have(take）breakfast(lunch, supper），三餐前无冠词，但强调时前面可以加物主代词。
∷如：I had my lunch at home.= I took my lunch at home.
我在家吃的午餐。
to be at breakfast(lunch, supper）是指“正在吃早饭”（午饭，晚饭）。
三餐前加上形容词时，前面再加上不定冠词。
∷如：have(take）a light breakfast 吃简单的早餐
have(take）a good lunch 吃丰盛的午饭
We had a working lunch．我们吃了一顿工作午餐。
They had a late breakfast yesterday．昨天他们很晚才吃的早餐。24. brother-in-law 姐（妹）夫，内兄（弟）
∴例：他有三个姐夫。
×误：He has three brother-in-laws.
√正：He has three brothers-in-law.
说明：合成名词构成复数时通常只将里面所包含的主体名词变为复数。
father-in-law, mother-in-law, sister-in-law及
two lookers-on 两个旁观者
runners-up 亚军
three sons-in-law 三个女婿
grand-child(ren）孙儿，孙女
armyman(armymen）军人
comrades-in-arms 战友
editors-in-chief 总编辑
vice-premiers 副总理
如果没有主体名词，就只在最后一个词上加复数词尾。
例如：go-between(s）中间人（月老，媒人）
drawback(s）缺陷
film-goers 常看电影的人
tooth-brushes 牙刷
greenhouses 温室
但由man 和 woman构成的合成词，里面所含的成分，全都要变为复数。
∷如：man-doctor→men-doctors 男医生
woman-servant→women-servants 女仆人
man-cadre→men-cadres 男干部25. chalk 粉笔
∴例：请给我一些粉笔。
×误：Please give me some chalks.
√正：Please give me some chalk.
说明：chalk为不可数名词，无复数形式。“一支粉笔”a piece of chalk“三支粉笔”three pieces of chalk
write with chalk用粉笔写字
a box of coloured chalk一盒彩粉笔
chalkboard（美）黑板，它同 blackboard
The old teacher wrote on the blackboard with a piece of chalk.
这位老教师用一支粉笔在黑板上写字。
Somebody had chalked a message on the wall.
有人用粉笔在墙上留下了口信。（chalk动词）26. chance, opportunity 机会
∴例：每当我有机会，我便去看我的老师。
×误：Whenever I get an opportunity, I' ll see my teachers.
√正：Whenever I get a chance, I' ll see my teachers.
说明：chance, opportunity 都指机会，通常可通用。
∷如：I had a chance(opportunity）to visit Paris three years ago.三年前我有机会去了巴黎。
We had a chance to visit the Louvre when we were in Paris.
We had an opportunity to visit the Louvre when we were in
Paris.
在巴黎我们有机会参观了卢浮宫。
但chance强调机会的“偶然性”和“可能性”，而opportunity则指“好机会”，
∷如：Have you got a spare stamp by any chance？
你也许碰巧有张多余的邮票吧？
I missed a good opportunity to give my opinion on it.
我失去对那件事提出意见的好机会。
catch(seize, take）an opportunity 抓住机会
You should go and see this film if you get the opportunity.
你若有机会，应该去看这部电影。
Chance plays an important part in many card games.
在不少纸牌游戏里，运气常起着重要作用。stand a good chance 大有希望
let a chance slip by 错失机会27. city 城市，都市；town 城镇
∴例：他们住在城市吗？
×误：Do they live in town？
√正：Do they live in the city？
说明：city 是“城市”, city life都市生活。而 town城镇，一般指比村village大，比城市city小。但英国的town和美国的city无大区别。
city前一般加冠词the, town前不加the。
∷如：go up to town 进城去
My family lived in the city last year．我家去年住在这个城市。
I prefer the city to the country．我喜欢城市生活多于乡村生活。
New York is an exciting city．纽约是一个令人兴奋的城市。
Now many friends spend their weekends out of town.
现在很多朋友到乡下度周末。28. class, lesson 课
∴例：第一课很容易。
×误：Class One is very easy.
√正：Lesson One is very easy.
说明：class和 lesson两个词都有“课”的意思，但 class的原意是“等级，班级”或“一节课”。
∷如：have a math class 有节数学课
take a French class 选一门法语课
Class One Grade Two二年一班
要说“第一课”只能说 Lesson One或 the first lesson，不能说
Class One, Class One 的意思是“一班”。
这两个词都有“课”的意思，但class是从课节来分的课，lesson是从课文内容来分的。
We watched an interesting video in class yesterday.
We watched an interesting video during the lesson yesterday.
昨天我们在课堂上观看了一部有趣的录像。
Classes begin at 8 o' clock in the morning．早晨八点开始上课。
They went to evening classes in local history on Sundays.
他们每周日去夜校上地方史课。
We have five intensive reading lessons every week.
每周我们有五节精读课。
Next month you will attend my English lesson.
下月你们将听我的英语课。
teach sb a lesson 教训某人
The incident taught children a lesson.
那意外事件给孩子们一个教训。29. climate 气候；weather 天气
∴例：广播报告要出现坏天气。
×误：The radio said the climate was going to be bad.
√正：The radio said the weather was going to be bad.
说明：climate是“气候”，指某一地区的长期气象状态；特定的天气用weather
∷如：The climate here is mild．这里的气候温和。
The weather is always cold in the mountains．山区的天气总是很凉。
What are the effects of global warming on our climate？
地球气温上升对这儿气候有何影响吗？
climate 还有风气、风尚、趋势之意。
the present political climate 当前的政治气候
a climate of unrest 动荡不安的局势
What is the current climate of opinion regarding China Dream？
时下舆论对中国梦有何看法？30. clock 时钟
∴例：他们的时钟慢十分钟。
×误：Their o' clock is ten minutes slow.
√正：Their clock is ten minutes slow.
说明：clock是“钟”，而o' clock = of the clock是“点钟”。
∷如：What o' clock is it？几点钟了？还可以说 What does the clock say？counterclockwise 逆时针（副词，形容词）
The clock here is a few minutes fast．这钟快几分钟。
Let them meet under the Town Hall clock.
让他们在市政厅大时钟下相会。
a car with 100,000 miles on the clock.
行车里程累计达十万英里。
clockwise 顺时针（副词，形容词）31. cloth 布，布料，纺织品。
∴例：上周她买块布料。
×误：She bought a cloth last week.
√正：She bought a piece of cloth last week.
说明：cloth一词是不可数名词，只有单数形式，“一块布”要说a piece of cloth，但作特殊用途的一块布，则为可数名词，有单复数之分。
∷如：Two yards of cloth will be enough for a miniskirt.
两码的布料可做条迷你裙。
We need several metres of cloth to make the curtain.
我们需要几米布料做这窗帘。
Clean the desk with a soft cloth．用一块软布擦桌子。
They need a lot of cloth to make a new dress.
他们需要许多布制一件新衣服。
常用于复合词（用作某一用途的）一块布：
a bowl cloth 洗碗布
a soft cloth 一块软布
a table cloth 桌布
a floor cloth 拖地布32. clothes, clothing 衣服
∴例：下周我将穿新衣。
×误：I will wear new clothing next week.
√正：I will wear new clothes next week.
说明：clothes 是指上下衣等构成的衣服，复数名词，无单复数形式，计算时，用a suit(two suits）of clothes 等方式表示。
be in one' s best clothes 穿着盛装。
Fine clothes make the man．佛要金装，人要衣装。（谚）
而clothing是衣服的总称，只有单数形式，
∷如：We must need much clothing there in winter.
那个地方的冬天我们必须穿很多的衣服。
The staff at the chemical plant wear protective clothing.
化工厂的工作人员都穿防护服。
The student is putting on his school clothes.
学生正在穿他的校服。
Our clothing protects us against the cold．我们的衣服可御寒。33. colour（color）颜色，也可省略字母“u”
∴例：孩子们用鲜艳的色彩绘画。
×误：The children painted the pictures in bright color.
√正：The children painted the pictures in bright colors.
说明：colour(color）作“颜色”“颜料”解时常用复数形式。
∷如：warm(cold）colors 暖（冷）色
the colors of the rainbow 彩虹的颜色
loud colors 华丽的色彩
quiet colors 素色
但要注意在说具体的颜色时，要用 sky blue 天蓝色，gold 金色，white 白色，而不用 color 一词。
∷如：I like silver color．我喜欢银色。本句color 是多余的。
Blue is my favourite colour．蓝色是我所喜欢的颜色。
What colours do the Chinese team play in？
中国队的队衣是哪种颜色？
All the pictures in the book are in colour.
书中插图都是彩色的。
The little boy is colour-blind．小男孩色盲。
注意：colour还有“气色，肤色，特色，独特风格等”意思。
She lost colour（=became pale）during her illness.
她得病期间脸色苍白。
People of all colours, black, brown, white, etc.
不同肤色人种，黑人，棕色，白色等。
I loved the life, noise and colour of the small town.
我喜欢小镇的热闹、喧哗与多彩多姿的生活。
The lecturer told a few jokes and anecdotes to add colour to her talk.
演讲者穿插几个笑话和几则轶事，为她的讲话增色。34. in company with 和……一道
∴例：我每周和我最好的朋友一起上班。
×误：Every week I go to work in the company of my best friends.
√正：Every week I go to work in company with my best friends.
说明：in the company of 表达在某人陪同下做某事。
company 还有伙伴之意（可用于指一个人及两个人以上的情况，注意其为不可数名词）。
∷如：He keeps good（bad）company.
He is in good（bad）company.
他与好人（坏人）来往。A man is known by the company he keeps.
朋友见其人（近朱者赤，近墨者黑）。（谚）
part company with 和某人分手
in company with（介词）与……在一起
in company（副词）在人前，一起
Behave nicely in company．和别人在一起要有规矩。
We went fishing in company last summer．去年夏天我们结伴去钓鱼。35. condition 状况，情况
∴例：他们在不利条件下工作八小时。
×误：They worked for eight hours under unfavorable condition.
√正：They worked for eight hours under unfavorable conditions.
说明：condition 指“条件”“健康状况”。
其复数形式conditions指（周围的）状况，情况，形势（situation）。
All of us here are in good condition.
我们这里所有的人的身体状况都很好。
The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.
宇航员很快习惯了失重状态。
You can improve your condition by jogging every day.
每天跑步可以改进你的健康状况。
The old car is in poor condition．这辆旧车简直不能用。
In these conditions they had to give up smoking.
在这些情况下他们不得不戒烟。
Under the conditions of the agreement, we must leave now.
根据协议规定的条件，我们必须马上离开。36. corner 角，转角，街角
∴例：那男孩坐在房间的一角。
×误：The boy sat in the angle of the room.
√正：The boy sat in the corner of the room.
说明：angle是指几何学上的角，直角：right angle，锐角：acute angle
The two lines cross at right angles.
两条直线交叉成直角。°
The three angles of a triangle add up to 180.
三角形的三个角加起来是180度。
Viewed from this angle, the tower looks taller than it really is.
从这个角度看，这个塔看上去比实际高得多。
corner 则指“屋角，街角”等。屋角常用介词in，街角常用介词at （on）。
∷如：There is a flower shop on(at）the corner.
转角有间花店。
She is waiting for you at the corner of the street.
她在街角等你。
He went round the corner at top speed.
他以高速驶过弯角。（in football）a kick from the corner of a field角球
The shop is on the corner of Wall Street and Long Road.
这家店在华尔街和朗道之间的街角。
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]